Moose are found in Oregon, though their presence is a relatively recent development. While not historically native to the state, a small but established population of Shiras moose now inhabits specific regions of Oregon. These animals contribute to the state’s diverse wildlife.
Are Moose Found in Oregon?
Moose are present in Oregon. The first recorded sighting in northeast Oregon occurred in 1960. Sightings remained sporadic for decades, with about 20 reported between 1960 and 2000. Observations increased significantly in the early 2000s, leading to the first documented moose calf born in Oregon in 2005. The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife estimates the state’s moose population to be around 50 adults and calves.
Where Do They Reside in Oregon?
Oregon’s moose population is concentrated in the northeastern part of the state, particularly within the Blue Mountains region. Western Wallowa County is a central area, with sightings also reported in Union and Umatilla counties. They favor managed coniferous forests that include a mix of mature timber and logged areas. These environments provide an abundance of deciduous vegetation, such as willows and brush, which are a preferred food source.
Moose utilize dark, cool, and deep forest areas, and are often found near stream bottoms, lakes, and other wet areas due to their dependence on readily available water. Their range extends to elevations between 1100 and 1700 meters. Specific locations include the Blue Mountains north of Elgin, along the Grande Ronde River between Minam and Troy, and near Highway 204 between Elgin and Tollgate. They also inhabit rugged areas like the Wenaha-Tucannon Wilderness and the Eagle Cap Wilderness.
The Journey to Oregon
Moose were not native to Oregon before European settlement; early explorers and settlers did not document their presence. An early attempt to introduce moose occurred in 1922, when five Alaskan moose calves were transplanted to the central Oregon coast near Tahkenitch Lake. This effort was unsuccessful, with the transplanted population failing to thrive and dying out by 1931.
The current moose population established itself through natural dispersal from neighboring states, primarily Washington and Idaho. Many migrated southwest across the Palouse Prairie from the Moscow Mountain area in Idaho. The expansion of moose populations in Washington and Idaho during the latter half of the 20th century contributed to their gradual arrival and establishment in Oregon. This led to the successful natural colonization of the state.
Distinguishing Oregon’s Moose
Oregon’s moose, primarily the Shiras subspecies, are the largest members of the Cervidae family, making them distinct from other cervids like elk. An adult male moose can stand up to 6 feet tall at the shoulder and weigh around 1,000 pounds, while females weigh between 700 and 800 pounds. In contrast, elk are smaller, standing 4 to 5 feet tall and weighing about 600 pounds.
Moose have a dark brown to blackish coat, sometimes with grayish-white hair on their legs, which is a darker coloration than the reddish or lighter brown of elk. A prominent feature is their broad, overhanging muzzle, differing from an elk’s narrower, pointed nose. Additionally, moose possess a unique waddle-like flap of skin on their throat, known as a “bell,” which is absent in elk. The antlers of male moose are massive and palmate, or paddle-shaped, growing outwards from the sides of their heads and capable of spanning over 6 feet. Elk antlers, conversely, are long, pointed, and branched, curving backward over their bodies.