Manatees, often called “sea cows,” are large, herbivorous aquatic mammals found in shallow, slow-moving waters along tropical and subtropical coasts and associated inland waterways, including the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and parts of the Amazon and West African rivers. These animals can reach impressive sizes, with adults typically measuring 9 to 10 feet long and weighing around 1,000 pounds, though some can exceed 13 feet and weigh over 3,500 pounds. They possess a streamlined body that tapers to a flat, paddle-shaped tail used for propulsion, and their forelimbs are modified into flippers.
The Gentle Nature of Manatees
Manatees are docile creatures with a non-aggressive disposition. There are no documented instances of manatees attacking humans or other animals. Their diet consists exclusively of aquatic vegetation, like seagrasses, which means they lack predatory instincts. They spend six to eight hours daily grazing on these plants, consuming between 4% and 15% of their body weight.
Their slow-moving nature and lack of natural predators contribute to their peaceful demeanor. Manatees do not possess sharp teeth or claws for defense; their teeth are molars for grinding plants, and cannot bite effectively. If threatened, their primary defense mechanism is typically to retreat to shallow waters or swim away at speeds up to 15 miles per hour in short bursts. Their large size and thick skin also offer protection.
Understanding Manatee Behavior
Manatees exhibit behaviors primarily revolving around feeding, resting, and social interactions. They are non-territorial, dedicating most of their time to grazing and resting, often suspended near the water’s surface or on the bottom. They can rest for several hours, coming to the surface to breathe every three to five minutes.
Manatees are curious animals and may approach boats or humans, but this should not be interpreted as aggression. They communicate through vocalizations like squeaks, squeals, and chirps, which are used for social interaction, mating, and especially between mothers and calves. These sounds are not threatening and can vary with behavior. While generally solitary, manatees do form temporary groups for mating or at feeding areas and warm water sources, especially during colder months.
Safe Encounters with Manatees
Interacting with manatees requires adherence to guidelines for human safety and their well-being. Observe manatees passively, maintaining a respectful distance and avoiding actions that alter their natural behavior. A “look, but don’t touch” policy is emphasized.
Feeding manatees or giving them water is prohibited, as it can habituate them to human presence, leading to dangerous situations like increased boat traffic. If a manatee approaches, remain still and do not initiate contact. Boaters should adhere to slow-speed zones in manatee habitats and be vigilant for signs of manatees, like swirls on the water or snouts breaking the surface. Manatees are protected by federal and state laws, making harassment or disturbance illegal.