Geese form strong, long-lasting pair bonds. During the nesting period, the roles of the male (gander) and the female (goose) are clearly defined. The female goose is responsible for physical incubation. However, the gander plays a significant, non-sitting role in the reproductive process, primarily centered on protection and defense.
The Primary Role of the Female Goose
The female goose takes on the sole responsibility of warming the clutch of eggs to ensure embryonic development. She selects an elevated nest site near water and creates a bowl-shaped nest lined with vegetation and soft down feathers plucked from her own body. The incubation period typically lasts between 28 and 35 days.
During this time, the female remains settled on the eggs almost continuously, maintaining the precise temperature necessary for the embryos. She regularly turns the eggs using her bill, which prevents the internal contents from sticking to the shell and ensures even heat distribution. This dedication means the female rarely leaves the nest, often forgoing eating, drinking, or bathing, which places a physical toll on her body.
The Gander’s Contribution to Nest Protection
While the female is anchored to the nest, the gander’s primary function is to guard and defend the family unit. He patrols the surrounding perimeter, often standing a short distance from the nest to maintain a clear view of potential threats. This constant vigilance allows the female to focus completely on incubation without needing to forage or monitor the environment for danger.
The gander is known for his aggressive, territorial behavior. He readily issues loud alarm calls, such as hissing and honking, to warn off intruders, including predators, other geese, or humans. If warnings are ignored, the gander escalates to physical confrontation, using powerful wing slaps and bites to drive away the threat. His protective actions create a buffer zone around the nest site, which is vital for the clutch’s success.
Parental Roles After the Eggs Hatch
Once the goslings hatch, the parental duties immediately shift for both the goose and the gander. The young are precocial, meaning they are covered in down and can walk, swim, and find their own food almost immediately. Within a day of hatching, the parents lead the brood away from the nest site to a secure area with food and water.
Both adults become active protectors and guides, forming a family unit that moves together. The gander often assumes the role of the lead guard, teaching the young how to forage and constantly watching for danger. The parents guide the goslings in a single-file line, with one adult at the front and the other at the rear, providing continuous protection. This parental care often lasts for several months, sometimes with the young remaining with the adults for their entire first year.