Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues and organs, leading to widespread inflammation. This condition can affect various parts of the body, including the joints, skin, kidneys, and blood cells. Among its many manifestations, lupus often causes mouth sores, which can be a source of significant discomfort, making daily activities like eating, drinking, and speaking challenging.
Understanding Lupus Mouth Sores
Lupus mouth sores, also known as oral ulcers, commonly appear as red ulcers often surrounded by a white halo or white radiating lines. These lesions can vary in size and severity, from small, shallow sores to larger, more painful ones. While some can be painless, many cause discomfort, especially during disease flare-ups.
The sores typically develop in various locations within the mouth, including the hard palate, inside the cheeks, on the lips, gums, and tongue. Pain can manifest as a burning or stinging sensation, increasing sensitivity to hot, cold, or spicy foods. Unlike common canker or cold sores, lupus-related oral lesions are a direct manifestation of the underlying autoimmune disease and may persist longer or recur frequently.
Why Lupus Causes Mouth Sores
Lupus causes mouth sores due to its autoimmune nature, where the immune system misidentifies healthy cells in the mucous membranes of the mouth as foreign invaders. This misguided immune response leads to inflammation and the formation of lesions. The exact mechanisms are complex, but this immune attack damages the mouth’s lining.
Oral lesions are a common feature of lupus and can signal active disease or a flare-up. They can also be a side effect of lupus medications, or associated with conditions like Sjögren’s syndrome, which often co-occurs with lupus and causes dry mouth. Dry mouth can further contribute to the development and persistence of oral ulcers.
Managing Discomfort and Promoting Healing
Managing discomfort and promoting healing involves a multifaceted approach, often combining medical treatments with self-care. Topical treatments are often the first line of defense. These include prescribed mouth rinses containing corticosteroids like dexamethasone elixir or topical pastes such as triamcinolone dental paste, which reduce inflammation and pain. Topical numbing gels or rinses, like benzocaine or lidocaine, can provide temporary pain relief, especially before meals.
For more severe or persistent sores, healthcare providers may consider systemic medications to address the underlying autoimmune activity. Antimalarial drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, are commonly prescribed for lupus and can help manage oral lesions. Corticosteroids or immunosuppressants may be used to control widespread inflammation.
Alongside medical interventions, several self-care practices can alleviate symptoms and support healing. Avoiding irritating foods, such as spicy, acidic, or rough foods, can prevent further irritation. Maintaining good oral hygiene is important; use a soft-bristle toothbrush and non-abrasive toothpaste to prevent injury and infection. Staying hydrated and incorporating a soft diet can make eating more comfortable. If mouth sores are severe, persistent beyond a few weeks, or accompanied by other concerning symptoms like fever or swollen glands, seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and management.