Lung trainers, formally known as Respiratory Muscle Trainers (RMTs), are handheld devices designed to condition the muscles involved in breathing. Like any other skeletal muscle group, these muscles can experience fatigue and weakness, which can limit physical performance and daily activity. An RMT works by applying a controlled load or resistance to the breathing process, providing a workout for the respiratory system. Scientific evidence suggests that RMTs can induce measurable physiological changes, which translates into tangible benefits for various populations.
Understanding Respiratory Muscle Trainers (RMTs)
Respiratory Muscle Trainers function on the principle of progressive overload, similar to lifting weights. The devices force the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles to work harder against resistance to strengthen them and improve endurance.
RMTs are categorized into two main types based on the respiratory cycle they target. Inspiratory Muscle Trainers (IMT) strengthen inhalation muscles, such as the diaphragm, by requiring the user to breathe in against a set resistance. Expiratory Muscle Trainers (EMT) focus on exhalation muscles, primarily the internal intercostals and abdominal muscles, by requiring a forceful breath out against resistance. Both types include an adjustable resistance setting, allowing the user to increase the training intensity as their strength improves.
Applications and Evidence of Effectiveness
RMTs effectively increase the strength of the respiratory muscles, measured as Maximum Inspiratory Pressure (MIP). This improvement translates into practical benefits for individuals with chronic respiratory conditions, such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). For example, Inspiratory Muscle Training has been shown to increase the six-minute walk distance in COPD patients by an average of 35.7 meters, indicating improved exercise capacity.
RMT use is also associated with a reduction in the sensation of breathlessness, or dyspnea, in patients with COPD and asthma. In asthma patients, IMT has been observed to increase lung function metrics like forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1). For athletes, stronger respiratory muscles can delay the onset of fatigue during intense exercise, enhancing overall endurance performance. The training also shows promise in pre- and post-operative care, where strengthening the respiratory muscles before major surgery can improve post-operative outcomes and exercise tolerance.
Proper Usage and Safety Considerations
To maximize the benefits of an RMT, consistent and correct technique is necessary. Training typically involves sitting or standing upright and breathing deeply through the device, maintaining a seal around the mouthpiece. Users should start with a modest resistance level that allows them to complete the required number of breaths but still provides a challenge. Resistance should be progressed gradually, often increasing the load only when the current setting becomes too easy.
A common training protocol, particularly for those with a respiratory condition, may involve two sessions per day, each lasting up to 30 minutes, performed four to six days per week. Safety is paramount, and individuals with certain medical conditions should exercise caution or avoid RMTs entirely. Contraindications include a recent history of spontaneous pneumothorax, an active respiratory infection, severe osteoporosis, or an eardrum issue, as the pressure changes involved could pose a risk.
Regulatory Status and Consumer Advice
Many RMT devices are classified as medical devices, having undergone a regulatory review process to confirm their safety and efficacy. Devices that are FDA-cleared or CE-marked have been validated for their intended purpose, which often includes assisting in mucus clearance or providing a positive expiratory pressure. Consumers should look for this regulatory validation to ensure they are acquiring a high-quality, effective product.
It is highly recommended that anyone considering respiratory muscle training first consult a physician or a physical therapist. A healthcare professional can accurately assess the user’s respiratory muscle strength and recommend an appropriate device and training protocol. This consultation ensures the training is tailored to individual health needs, particularly for those with pre-existing medical conditions.