Leopard sharks are a distinctive species recognized by their unique patterns. They feature silvery-bronze skin adorned with dark, saddle-like markings and large spots. These sharks primarily inhabit the shallow coastal waters of the Pacific Ocean, from Oregon to Mazatlán, Mexico, including the Gulf of California. They are often found in bays, estuaries, and kelp forests, typically remaining near the seafloor.
Leopard Shark Biting Tendencies
Leopard sharks are generally not aggressive towards humans, and bites are extremely rare. They are not considered a threat to swimmers or divers. The International Shark Attack File, which tracks shark incidents globally, records only one incident involving a leopard shark, which resulted in no significant injury.
Any reported interactions are typically minor and accidental, such as a shark accidentally bumping into a human. If a bite were to occur, it would likely be a result of mistaken identity, possibly if food is present, or a defensive reaction if the shark feels provoked or cornered. Despite their capacity to grow up to seven feet long, their small mouths and teeth are better suited for crushing rather than cutting, posing little danger to humans.
Typical Leopard Shark Behavior
Leopard sharks are primarily bottom feeders, with a diet consisting of small invertebrates and fish found on the seafloor. Their usual prey includes crabs, clams, worms, shrimp, and fish eggs. They use suction and biting to capture their prey, often found in sandy or muddy bottoms where they forage.
These sharks are often described as docile and timid. They often form large, nomadic schools and are known to be strong swimmers. Leopard sharks prefer shallow waters, typically less than 20 feet deep, but can be found in depths up to 300 feet. Their natural wariness means they commonly swim away when humans approach.
Safe Interactions with Leopard Sharks
Observing leopard sharks in their natural habitat is a rewarding and generally safe experience. It is important to maintain a respectful distance from these animals. Actions that might provoke a shark, such as attempting to touch, feed, or corner it, should be avoided.
Leopard sharks are often curious but will typically maintain their space. They are easily spooked and are likely to swim away if approached too quickly or if sudden movements are made. Floating calmly on the water’s surface without excessive movement is often the best way to observe them without causing disturbance.