Distinguishing between labor contractions and menstrual cramps can be challenging for pregnant individuals. Understanding the distinct characteristics of each can help in recognizing the body’s signals during pregnancy.
What Period Cramps Feel Like
Menstrual cramps typically manifest as a dull, throbbing, or aching pain in the lower abdomen, often radiating to the lower back and thighs. This sensation can also feel like a spasmodic or sharp pain. The pain is caused by the uterus contracting to shed its lining, triggered by prostaglandins. These cramps generally begin one to three days before a period, peak about 24 hours after onset, and usually subside within two to three days. They are often consistent in intensity or lessen over time and do not follow a pattern of increasing frequency or strength.
The Characteristics of True Labor Contractions
True labor contractions involve the tightening and relaxing of the uterine muscles, becoming progressively stronger, longer, and closer together. These contractions help to thin and open the cervix. The sensation is often described as intense pressure, cramping, or a strong wave of pain, similar to very strong menstrual cramps. Pain may start in the lower back and wrap around to the front of the abdomen, sometimes radiating to the legs. Unlike other abdominal discomforts, true labor contractions do not subside with changes in activity or position.
Differentiating Between the Two
Distinguishing true labor contractions from period cramps or “false labor” (Braxton Hicks contractions) relies on several key indicators. True labor contractions follow a predictable pattern, becoming more regular and frequent over time, often settling into a rhythm like occurring every 5 minutes and getting closer together. In contrast, period cramps are generally consistent or lessen, while Braxton Hicks contractions are irregular, unpredictable, and do not get closer together.
The intensity of true labor contractions progressively increases, becoming stronger and more painful, often making it difficult to talk or walk through them. Period cramps typically remain consistent or decrease in intensity. Braxton Hicks contractions, often described as mild menstrual cramps or a tightening sensation, are usually weak and do not intensify.
True labor contractions last longer as labor progresses, typically ranging from 30 to 70 seconds. Braxton Hicks contractions are usually shorter, lasting about 15 to 30 seconds, and may vary in duration. While both can be felt in the abdomen and back, true labor pain often encompasses a larger area, frequently starting in the back and moving to the front. Braxton Hicks contractions are often felt only in the front of the abdomen or in one specific area.
The effect of activity or position helps differentiate them. True labor contractions persist or intensify with movement and changes in position. Period cramps are not affected by movement in the same way, and Braxton Hicks contractions may lessen or disappear with walking, rest, or hydration. Braxton Hicks contractions are considered “practice contractions” that do not cause cervical dilation, unlike true labor.
When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider
Contact a healthcare provider for any concerns during pregnancy. Call if contractions become regular, strong, and consistent (e.g., every five minutes, lasting 60 seconds, for at least an hour – the 5-1-1 rule). Also call immediately if your water breaks, noting the fluid’s color and odor.
Other concerning symptoms include vaginal bleeding (more than spotting), decreased fetal movement, or severe, persistent pain. Call immediately if contractions occur before 37 weeks. Your provider can assess and guide you.