Children lose all of their primary, or “baby,” teeth. This natural process makes way for the permanent adult teeth that will serve them throughout their lives. This transition prepares the mouth for a larger, stronger set of teeth.
The Grand Exchange: From Primary to Permanent Teeth
The first set of teeth, known as primary or deciduous teeth, consists of 20 teeth, with 10 in the upper jaw and 10 in the lower jaw. These primary teeth usually finish erupting by age three. They aid in chewing food, facilitate clear speech, and help the facial muscles and jawbones grow.
Primary teeth are important as they hold space in the jaw for the permanent teeth developing underneath. If a baby tooth is lost too early, perhaps due to decay or injury, adjacent teeth might shift into the empty space. This shifting can reduce available room for the permanent tooth, potentially leading to crowding or misalignment when the adult tooth emerges. The permanent teeth, numbering 32 in most adults, are a larger, more robust set designed for lifelong function.
The Shedding Process and New Arrivals
The process of primary teeth falling out and permanent teeth emerging begins around age six, though this can vary. This transition is driven by root resorption. As permanent teeth develop beneath primary teeth, they exert pressure on the roots. This pressure signals the body to break down and absorb the roots. Specialized cells called odontoclasts dissolve the root structure, causing the baby tooth to loosen.
The first primary teeth to loosen and fall out are typically the lower central incisors (front bottom teeth), followed by the upper central incisors. The sequence continues with lateral incisors, then first molars, canines, and finally, the second molars. While this is the common order, individual timelines can differ. The first permanent molars often erupt behind existing baby teeth around age six or seven, establishing the back bite without replacing a primary tooth. By age 13, most children will have 28 of their 32 permanent teeth, with wisdom teeth typically emerging later, between 17 and 21 years of age.
Supporting Healthy Dental Development
Maintaining good oral hygiene is important while children are losing primary teeth and gaining permanent ones. Regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste twice daily and flossing helps keep both remaining primary and newly erupted permanent teeth clean. Parents should supervise brushing for children under eight to ensure thorough cleaning. Limiting sugary snacks and drinks also supports dental health during this transition.
When a baby tooth becomes loose, it is best to let it fall out naturally. Children can gently wiggle the tooth with their tongue or clean fingers, but forceful removal should be avoided as it can cause pain, bleeding, or damage to the gums or developing permanent tooth. If a permanent tooth appears to be erupting behind a primary tooth, sometimes called “shark teeth,” it is often seen in the lower front teeth and typically resolves as the baby tooth falls out. However, if the baby tooth does not loosen or fall out, or if there is excessive pain, prolonged bleeding, or signs of infection, consulting a dentist is advisable. Regular dental check-ups are important to monitor development and address potential issues early.