A kidney infection, known medically as pyelonephritis, is a type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that typically begins in the lower urinary tract and spreads to one or both kidneys. A kidney infection is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention.
The Connection Between Kidney Infections and Bloating
Kidney infections can contribute to bloating or abdominal distension due to the body’s inflammatory response to the bacterial infection within the kidneys. When the kidneys become inflamed, this local inflammation can affect nearby tissues and organs, including those in the gastrointestinal system. The inflammatory processes can lead to fluid retention as the body attempts to combat the infection and heal, and impaired kidney function can reduce the kidneys’ efficiency in filtering waste and managing fluid balance, contributing to excess fluid buildup and a feeling of fullness. A systemic response to infection also plays a role, as inflammation can impact the gut, potentially disrupting its normal function and leading to symptoms like gas and discomfort that manifest as bloating. The close proximity of the urinary and digestive systems means that inflammation in one can influence the other.
Accompanying Symptoms of Kidney Infections
Kidney infections present with a distinct set of symptoms. Common signs include fever and chills, which often indicate a more widespread infection, and individuals may also experience pain in their lower back, side, or groin, sometimes on one side, as this is where the kidneys are located. Urinary symptoms are frequently present, such as painful or burning sensations during urination, an increased frequency of needing to urinate, or a strong, persistent urge to urinate. The urine might appear cloudy, dark, or bloody, and may have a foul odor. Nausea and vomiting are also common.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Prompt medical attention is important if a kidney infection is suspected, as untreated infections can lead to severe complications. Seek medical care if you experience persistent or worsening symptoms like a high fever, severe pain in your back or side, or if you are unable to keep fluids down due to nausea and vomiting. Immediate medical evaluation is also advised if there is blood in your urine, a very low body temperature, or confusion or mental changes. Individuals with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, a weakened immune system, or those who are pregnant should seek care without delay if kidney infection symptoms arise.
Treatment Approaches
Diagnosing a kidney infection involves reviewing symptoms and conducting laboratory tests. A healthcare provider will request a urine sample to check for bacteria, white blood cells, or blood, and may perform a urine culture to identify the specific type of bacteria; blood tests may also be conducted to check for signs of infection or assess kidney function. The primary treatment for kidney infections is antibiotics, prescribed based on the type of bacteria identified. It is important to complete the entire course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully cleared and to prevent recurrence. Supportive care, such as drinking plenty of fluids to help flush bacteria from the urinary tract and using pain relievers for discomfort, can aid recovery; in severe cases, or if oral antibiotics are not effective, hospitalization may be necessary for intravenous antibiotic administration and fluid support.