An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge of a toenail, often on the big toe, grows into the surrounding skin, leading to discomfort, redness, and swelling. A frequent concern for many is whether these painful occurrences can return. The answer is yes, ingrown toenails can indeed recur. This article will explore the common reasons why ingrown toenails return and outline effective strategies for prevention and management.
Reasons for Recurrence
Improper nail trimming is a leading cause for ingrown toenails to return. When toenails are cut too short or rounded at the edges, rather than straight across, the nail can grow into the surrounding skin. This incorrect technique encourages the nail to penetrate the soft tissue as it lengthens.
Ill-fitting footwear also contributes to recurrence. Shoes that are too tight, narrow, or have a small toe box can compress the toes, forcing the nail to grow abnormally into the skin. High heels, in particular, exacerbate this issue by placing excessive pressure on the toes.
Genetic predisposition plays a role for some individuals, as certain inherited nail shapes, such as overly curved or “involuted” nails, increase the likelihood of recurrence. Foot shapes or larger nail beds can also make a person more susceptible to this condition. Trauma or injury to the toe or nail, such as stubbing a toe or repetitive impact from activities, can damage the nail, leading to irregular growth patterns. Excessive sweating, known as hyperhidrosis, can soften the skin around the nail, making it easier for the nail to pierce the tissue. Fungal infections, or onychomycosis, can also alter the nail’s shape and thickness, increasing the risk.
Steps to Prevent Future Ingrown Toenails
Preventing the recurrence of ingrown toenails begins with adopting proper nail trimming practices. Always cut toenails straight across, avoiding any rounding of the corners or cutting them too short. The nail edge should be even with the tip of the toe.
Choosing appropriate footwear is another effective preventive measure. Select shoes with a wide toe box that allow your toes to move freely and comfortably. Avoiding shoes that are too tight or narrow minimizes pressure on the nails, thereby reducing the chance of them growing inward.
Maintaining good foot hygiene is also important. Regularly wash your feet with soap and water and ensure they are thoroughly dried, especially between the toes. Changing socks regularly helps keep feet dry. Protecting your feet from trauma is also advised. If your activities involve a risk of toe injury, such as certain sports or work environments, wear protective footwear like steel-toed shoes. Addressing underlying issues like fungal infections promptly can also help prevent recurrence.
When Ingrown Toenails Keep Coming Back
When ingrown toenails are persistent, severe, or show signs of infection, seek professional medical help. Signs include increased pain, spreading redness, swelling, or pus/discharge around the toe. Individuals with underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or poor circulation, should also consult a podiatrist, as foot problems can be more serious.
For chronic or recurring cases, medical professionals offer specific treatment options. A common procedure is a partial nail avulsion, where a doctor removes only the problematic portion of the nail. This procedure provides immediate relief and helps the nail grow correctly.
For a more permanent solution, a matrixectomy may be performed. This procedure involves destroying or removing part of the nail matrix, the tissue under the cuticle responsible for nail growth, typically using a chemical like phenol. A partial nail avulsion combined with a chemical matrixectomy is effective at preventing future ingrown toenails. These are minor surgical interventions, often performed in a podiatrist’s office under local anesthesia, offering a long-term resolution.