Iguanas are fascinating reptiles known for their distinctive appearance, often seen basking in sunlight or climbing trees. Many people wonder about their relationship with water and whether these lizards are capable swimmers. These reptiles indeed possess remarkable aquatic abilities, allowing them to navigate various watery environments for diverse reasons.
Iguanas and Water
Many iguana species are proficient swimmers. While all iguanas can swim, their frequency and skill in water vary among species. Marine iguanas, found exclusively in the Galápagos Islands, are particularly adapted to an aquatic lifestyle and are the only lizards globally that forage in the ocean. Green iguanas, common in Central and South America, also exhibit strong swimming capabilities and frequently use water in their natural habitats, which often include rainforests, rivers, lakes, and mangrove swamps.
Iguanas are strong swimmers, though their speed in water is relatively slow compared to land movements, averaging around 1.5 feet per second. Despite this, their comfort in aquatic environments is evident, as they often inhabit areas near water sources. Their close proximity to water allows them to readily access it for various purposes.
Why and How Iguanas Swim
Iguanas swim for several reasons, primarily as a defense mechanism against predators. When threatened, these reptiles often dive into water to escape predators like birds of prey or other land animals. Beyond escape, swimming also aids in thermoregulation, as iguanas, being ectothermic, utilize water to cool down on hot days or warm up after being in cold water. Marine iguanas, for instance, spend time in the cold ocean waters to feed and then bask on land to raise their body temperature.
For some species, particularly marine iguanas, foraging for food is a primary motivation for swimming. They dive into the ocean to graze on marine algae growing on underwater rocks. Iguanas primarily propel themselves through water using powerful, laterally flattened tails that move in a snake-like or undulating motion. While swimming, they tuck their limbs close to their bodies to create a streamlined shape, minimizing drag and enhancing efficiency. Iguanas can also hold their breath for extended periods, with some species able to remain submerged for up to 45 minutes, a skill beneficial for both escaping predators and underwater foraging.