Huntsman spiders, members of the family Sparassidae, are often recognized for their considerable size and rapid movement, which can be startling. These arachnids are found in warm climates across the globe, including Australia, Asia, Africa, and the Americas. They are characterized by their flattened bodies and long, hairy legs, with some species boasting leg spans up to 15 cm. Huntsman spiders are shades of brown or gray, allowing them to blend into their surroundings, such as tree bark or rock crevices. Unlike many other spiders, huntsmen do not build webs for hunting; instead, they actively pursue and ambush their prey.
Huntsman Spider Behavior Towards Humans
Despite their formidable appearance, huntsman spiders are not aggressive towards humans and prefer to avoid confrontation. Their natural inclination is to retreat and flee rather than engage in a perceived threat. If a huntsman spider runs towards a person, it is attempting to escape to a safe place. They are shy and reclusive creatures, often found in less disturbed areas like sheds, garages, or under loose tree bark.
Huntsman spiders play a beneficial role in controlling insect populations within their ecosystems. They are active nocturnal hunters, preying on various insects such as cockroaches, moths, and flies. This makes them natural pest controllers, reducing the presence of unwanted household pests. Many choose to coexist with them, recognizing their ecological contribution.
When Bites Occur
While huntsman spiders are not aggressive, bites can occur under rare circumstances, as a defensive reaction rather than an attack. A bite is most likely if the spider feels threatened, trapped, or provoked. This can happen if a spider is disturbed, such as when it is sat or stepped on, or if it is caught in clothing or bedding.
Female huntsman spiders become defensive when protecting their egg sacs or young. In such instances, they may exhibit a threat display, rearing up and waving their front legs as a warning. If these warnings are not heeded, a bite might ensue as a last resort to defend themselves or their offspring.
Handling a Huntsman Spider Bite
A huntsman spider bite results in mild, localized symptoms. Common reactions include temporary pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes itchiness at the bite site. Some individuals might experience general symptoms like nausea, headaches, or a mild irregular pulse rate. The venom itself is not considered dangerous or medically significant to humans, as it is primarily designed to immobilize their insect prey.
For first aid, it is recommended to clean the bite area thoroughly with soap and water to prevent infection. Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected area can help reduce swelling and alleviate pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, may also be taken to manage discomfort. Serious complications are rare, but medical attention should be sought if severe symptoms develop, such as difficulty breathing, dizziness, or a widespread allergic reaction.
Living Alongside Huntsman Spiders
Coexisting with huntsman spiders is manageable, given their beneficial role as pest controllers. If a huntsman spider is found inside a home, safe and humane removal methods are encouraged. A common technique involves placing a glass or plastic container over the spider and then carefully sliding a piece of paper or cardboard underneath to trap it. The contained spider can then be safely relocated outdoors, preferably near a tree with loose bark, which mimics their natural habitat.
To prevent huntsman spiders from entering homes, sealing cracks and gaps in walls, doors, and windows can be effective. Installing and maintaining screens on windows and doors also helps deter their entry. Reducing clutter indoors can make homes less appealing to spiders seeking shelter. Recognizing their role in consuming common household pests can foster a greater tolerance for these large, fast-moving, yet harmless arachnids.