House centipedes (Scutigera coleoptrata) are common arthropods found in homes. They have a yellowish-gray body, typically 1 to 1.5 inches long, with up to 15 pairs of long, banded legs that can make them appear larger (3 to 4 inches including antennae and legs). Native to the Mediterranean, they have spread globally and are found in various human dwellings. They prefer dark, damp environments like basements, bathrooms, and garages, but can also be found in drier indoor areas; outdoors, they live under rocks, logs, and leaf litter. As insectivores, they prey on other household pests.
Do House Centipedes Bite?
House centipedes can sting humans, but such incidents are rare. They are not aggressive towards people and prefer to escape rather than confront. They are shy and typically retreat quickly when disturbed. Stings usually occur only if a house centipede feels threatened, is cornered, or handled.
Understanding a Centipede’s “Bite”
A house centipede’s “bite” is technically a sting delivered by modified front legs, called forcipules, near their head. These pincer-like appendages inject venom. When a centipede stings, it typically leaves two small, V-shaped puncture marks on the skin. Their venom is generally not potent enough to cause serious harm to humans, as it is designed to subdue small invertebrates.
Symptoms from a centipede sting are usually mild and localized, often compared to a bee sting or mosquito bite. Common reactions include localized pain, burning, redness (erythema), swelling (edema), and itchiness (pruritus) at the site. These symptoms typically subside within hours to a few days. While severe reactions are uncommon, they can occur in individuals with sensitivities or allergies to insect venoms.
What to Do If Bitten
If stung by a house centipede, clean the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. To reduce pain, burning, and swelling, apply a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in cloth to the sting site. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or NSAIDs can manage discomfort. Topical corticosteroids or antihistamines may alleviate itchiness and inflammation.
Most centipede stings resolve quickly without specific medical intervention. However, seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, if there are signs of infection (expanding redness, fever, or pus), or if an allergic reaction is suspected. Signs of a severe allergic reaction include difficulty breathing, widespread hives, facial swelling, or dizziness. Individuals with known insect venom allergies should be cautious.