Hawks can attack ducks. While not the primary prey for all hawk species, certain larger raptors prey on them, especially if the ducks are vulnerable. This interaction is a natural part of many ecosystems.
Hawk Species and Duck Vulnerability
Several hawk species are known to prey on ducks, particularly larger and more aggressive types. Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) are common aerial predators observed taking ducklings and adult ducks, especially when opportunities arise. Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis), known for their powerful build and hunting prowess, also include ducks and other game birds in their diverse diet. Northern Harriers (Circus cyaneus) and Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus), historically called “duck hawks,” also hunt waterfowl. Peregrine Falcons are exceptionally fast aerial pursuers.
Ducks exhibit varying degrees of vulnerability to hawk attacks. Ducklings, young ducks, and smaller breeds are more susceptible due to their size and limited ability to defend themselves. Injured or sick ducks are easier prey, as their impaired mobility makes evasion difficult. Domestic ducks, often less wary than their wild counterparts, face increased risk when exposed. Ducks isolated from a flock or in open, exposed areas are more vulnerable than those in larger groups or with access to cover.
Hunting Strategies
Hawks employ various strategies to hunt ducks. They often observe from a silent perch or by soaring high above, scanning the ground or water for prey. Once a target is identified, the hawk descends rapidly, often in a stoop or swift dive, to capture the duck with its powerful talons. Hawks may also ambush ducks from concealed positions within vegetation or near water bodies, exploiting cover before an attack.
After a successful capture, hawks secure their prey. They may pluck feathers from the duck before consuming it, leaving signs in the area. While some larger hawks can carry off smaller ducks, a hawk generally lifts about 5 to 8 pounds. Larger adult ducks are often consumed on the ground where caught. Attacks occur opportunistically throughout the day. Hawks take more risks when food is scarce, such as during colder periods.
Protecting Domestic Ducks
Secure, covered enclosures are important for protecting domestic ducks from hawk predation. Coops and runs should be fully enclosed with sturdy materials like hardware cloth or strong bird netting, preventing entry from above or sides. Locking ducks inside their coop overnight protects them from both aerial and ground predators. Elevating coops and constructing them from solid wood with predator-proof mesh for ventilation enhances safety.
Supervising free-ranging ducks significantly reduces risk, allowing for immediate intervention if a hawk is spotted. Visual deterrents include hanging reflective objects like old CDs, Mylar balloons, or pinwheels, which disorient or startle hawks with their flashes and movement. Scarecrows or fake owl decoys can be used, but they need frequent repositioning to prevent hawks from becoming accustomed.
Modifying the habitat around duck areas also contributes to their safety. Eliminating tall perching spots within 100 yards of the duck enclosure removes convenient lookout points for hawks. Providing ample ground cover, such as dense bushes, trees, or man-made shelters, offers ducks places to hide quickly if a hawk approaches. Maintaining a larger flock size can also offer a degree of protection, as more eyes can spot threats, and some larger birds like geese or roosters may act as guardians.