Gold dental restorations are often discussed regarding their impact on natural teeth. Gold, used in dentistry, is a biologically inert and non-reactive material that does not inherently cause tooth decay. Therefore, a gold restoration itself is not a direct cause of new cavities.
Understanding Dental Gold
Dental gold is not pure gold but an alloy, typically containing gold, silver, copper, and sometimes other noble metals like palladium and platinum. This composition enhances its properties, making it highly suitable for dental use. Gold alloys are known for their exceptional biocompatibility, being non-toxic and not causing adverse reactions.
The material also exhibits excellent corrosion resistance in the mouth. This resistance prevents degradation over time. Dental gold is durable and malleable, allowing for precise fitting while withstanding chewing forces. These characteristics make gold a preferred material for certain dental restorations, offering a long lifespan, sometimes lasting decades with proper care.
How Gold Restorations Interact With Teeth
Gold restorations, such as crowns or inlays, are designed to integrate closely with the natural tooth structure. The process involves precisely fitting the custom-made gold piece onto the prepared tooth surface. Dental cements or bonding agents are then used to secure the restoration, creating a seal between the gold and the tooth.
A well-sealed margin, the junction where the restoration meets the tooth, is important for preventing external substances from penetrating underneath. This tight seal acts as a barrier, minimizing the spaces where food debris and bacteria could accumulate. The aim is to create a seamless interface that protects the underlying tooth structure from the oral environment.
Why Decay Can Occur Around Restorations
While gold itself does not cause decay, cavities can still form around or beneath a gold restoration due to several factors. A primary reason is insufficient oral hygiene, leading to plaque and bacteria accumulation at the restoration’s margins. These bacteria produce acids that erode tooth enamel, resulting in new decay, often termed recurrent or secondary caries.
A compromised seal is another factor. If the gold work’s fit is not precise or the cementing material degrades, microscopic gaps can form. These small openings allow bacteria, food particles, and acids to seep in, initiating decay beneath the restoration. Fractured restorations or damage to surrounding natural tooth structure can also create new pathways for bacterial invasion, leading to decay. Dietary habits, especially frequent consumption of sugary or acidic foods and drinks, also contribute by creating an acidic oral environment conducive to decay, regardless of the restorative material.
Caring for Gold Dental Work
Maintaining gold dental work involves consistent and thorough oral hygiene, similar to caring for natural teeth. Regular brushing, at least twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, removes plaque and food debris from all tooth surfaces, including around the margins of gold restorations. Daily flossing is equally important to clean between teeth and along the gumline, areas where plaque can easily accumulate near the restoration.
Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings are also recommended to monitor the gold restoration and overall oral health. Dentists can identify any potential issues, such as a compromised seal or early signs of decay, before they worsen. Being mindful of dietary habits, especially limiting sugary and acidic foods, helps maintain a healthy oral environment, further protecting both natural teeth and gold restorations from decay. Promptly addressing any discomfort, sensitivity, or noticeable changes in the restoration’s fit is also advisable.