The terms “fur” and “hair” are often used interchangeably, causing confusion about a goat’s outer covering. While “fur” and “hair” are frequently used to describe the outer covering of mammals, understanding the biological distinctions clarifies this query. Goats, like most mammals, have a covering that is scientifically classified as hair, even though some of their coats might feel like what many people describe as fur.
Hair Versus Fur
Biologically, the terms “hair” and “fur” both refer to keratinous filaments growing from follicles in the skin. Hair is the broader scientific term for the fibrous protein outgrowth covering nearly all mammals. The primary difference between “hair” and “fur” lies in common usage, not strict scientific classification. “Fur” typically describes a dense, soft coat of hair covering most non-human mammals, often implying insulation, while “hair” refers to sparser coverings, like those on humans. Goats possess hair, and its characteristics vary significantly among breeds.
The Specifics of Goat Hair
Goats typically have a double coat, a key characteristic. This double coat consists of two distinct layers: a coarse outer layer of guard hairs and a finer, softer undercoat. The guard hairs are longer, generally coarser, and provide physical protection from external elements. The undercoat, also known as down, is shorter, denser, and very fine, offering insulation. The texture and density of a goat’s hair can vary significantly depending on the specific breed and the season, with the undercoat becoming more prominent in colder months.
Functions and Commercial Uses
Biological Functions
A goat’s hair serves several practical purposes for the animal, primarily offering insulation and protection from environmental conditions. The complex structure of the coat, particularly the double layer, traps air, which helps regulate the goat’s body temperature, keeping it warm in cold weather and providing some relief from heat. The guard hairs also provide a physical barrier against moisture and abrasions.
Commercial Uses
Beyond their biological functions, certain types of goat hair have significant commercial value. Cashmere is a luxury fiber derived from the fine, soft undercoat of Cashmere goats. This fiber is highly prized for its softness, warmth, and lightweight properties. Mohair, another valuable fiber from the Angora goat, is known for its high luster, sheen, and durability, making it suitable for various textiles, including apparel and upholstery. These materials are harvested through processes like combing or shearing, with the fine undercoat often separated from the coarser guard hairs for commercial use.