Gnats are small, winged insects. While the term “gnat” broadly refers to many tiny flies, only certain types bite humans. Female gnats require a blood meal for egg development.
Understanding Biting Gnats
Several types of gnats are known to bite humans. These include biting midges, also known as “no-see-ums” or “punkies.” They are extremely small, typically 1/25 to 1/8 inch long, and can appear grayish. These midges often feed in swarms, particularly during early morning and evening hours, and their bites can be painful.
Black flies, sometimes called buffalo gnats, are another biting species. These gnats are generally 1/5 to 1/4 inch long, shiny black, and have a distinctive humped back. They are often found near flowing water, such as rivers and streams, where they lay their eggs. Sand flies, golden, brownish, or gray with long legs and V-shaped wings, are less common biters but can still cause irritation.
Common non-biting gnats include fungus gnats and drain flies. Fungus gnats are typically found near houseplants, feeding on moist soil and decaying organic matter. Drain flies, also known as moth flies, inhabit damp areas like drains and are primarily a nuisance.
Identifying and Treating Gnat Bites
Gnat bites typically manifest as small, red, itchy bumps on the skin, often resembling mosquito bites. The reaction is due to the gnat’s saliva, which contains anticoagulants. Bites can be painful, itchy, and swollen, sometimes developing into fluid-filled blisters. They commonly appear on exposed areas of the body, such as the face, neck, arms, and legs.
To treat a gnat bite, wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water. Applying a cold compress or ice pack can help alleviate itching and swelling. Over-the-counter anti-itch creams containing hydrocortisone or calamine lotion can provide relief. Taking an oral antihistamine may also help reduce the body’s allergic response, easing itching and swelling.
Preventing Gnat Encounters
Preventing gnat bites involves personal protection and environmental management. When outdoors, particularly during peak gnat activity times like dawn and dusk, use insect repellents containing active ingredients such as DEET or picaridin on exposed skin. Oil of lemon eucalyptus is a plant-based alternative. Wearing long-sleeved shirts and long pants can provide a physical barrier against bites. Lighter-colored clothing might also be less attractive to some biting insects.
Controlling gnats around your home involves eliminating their breeding grounds. This includes removing sources of standing water, which are ideal for egg-laying. Ensure window screens are intact to prevent gnats from entering your home. Indoors, using fans can deter gnats. For fungus gnats, allowing the soil of houseplants to dry out between waterings can help reduce their populations.