Giant centipedes, found worldwide, often evoke trepidation. A common question is whether they bite and what the implications might be. Understanding their biology and behavior provides clarity on their interactions with humans.
The Truth About Giant Centipede Bites
Giant centipedes can “bite,” though this is more accurately venom injection. Behind their head, specialized appendages called forcipules, which are modified front legs, inject venom. These hollow, pincer-like structures connect to venom glands, allowing the centipede to inject venom into prey or for defense.
A centipede wound typically shows two chevron-shaped puncture marks. While commonly called a “bite,” these are not true mouthparts but an adaptation for envenomation. Pain from venom injection often relates to centipede size, as larger species deliver more venom. Despite their intimidating appearance, centipedes are not typically aggressive toward humans and usually only “bite” if provoked.
What to Expect After a Bite
Following a giant centipede bite, individuals typically experience immediate pain at the site of injection. This localized pain is often accompanied by redness and swelling, which may last for several hours to a few days. Some people might also notice a burning sensation, tenderness, or even tingling and numbness around the affected area. In less common instances, the pain can be intense, and the swelling might extend beyond the immediate bite area.
While most reactions are localized, some individuals may experience systemic symptoms, though these are generally rare. These can include headache, nausea, dizziness, or a rapid heart rate. Severe allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis, are very uncommon but can occur in sensitive individuals and may involve difficulty breathing, widespread hives, or swelling of the face and throat. Fatalities from centipede bites in humans are extremely rare.
For home care, clean the bite area immediately with soap and water to prevent infection. Applying a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in cloth to the affected area for 10-minute intervals can help reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers and antihistamines can also be used to manage discomfort and allergic reactions. Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen, signs of infection appear (such as red streaks, pus, or fever), or if any systemic or severe allergic reactions develop. Pregnant individuals or those who are immunocompromised should also consult a doctor after a bite.
Preventing Encounters and Bites
To minimize encounters and prevent bites, several practical steps can be taken, especially where centipedes are prevalent. Centipedes prefer dark, damp, and secluded environments, so reducing moisture and clutter around your home makes it less appealing.
Repairing water leaks and using dehumidifiers in basements or crawl spaces helps eliminate the humid conditions centipedes seek. Sealing entry points into your home is an effective measure. Inspect and seal cracks, gaps, and holes in foundations, around doors, and windows with caulk. Adding weather stripping to doors and repairing tears in window screens can also deter centipedes and other pests.
Outdoors, remove piles of leaves, grass clippings, firewood, and other debris close to the house, as these provide ideal hiding spots. When gardening or working where centipedes might be present, wearing gloves and closed-toe shoes offers protection.