Geese are common waterfowl found in many environments, from natural wetlands to urban parks. While generally not aggressive, these birds can bite, and they may exhibit defensive behaviors. Understanding their actions can help people coexist peacefully with these large birds.
Reasons Geese Bite
Geese bite as a defensive measure, not out of offensive aggression. They are highly protective of their nests, eggs, and young, especially during the breeding season (late February to early March). During this time, male geese (ganders) often guard the nest while the female incubates. Both parents fiercely defend their goslings once hatched. Geese perceive any close approach to their nesting area or young as a threat, prompting them to hiss, honk, spread their wings, and even charge.
Territorial instincts also play a role. Geese establish and defend specific areas for feeding, resting, and raising their young. If an individual enters their territory, geese may react defensively. This is more noticeable in areas with high goose populations where competition for resources is greater. Geese accustomed to being fed by humans can become habituated, losing their natural wariness. If their expectation of food is not met, or if they feel threatened, these geese may become aggressive.
Preventing Goose Encounters
Avoiding situations that might provoke a goose is the most effective way to prevent bites. Maintain a respectful distance from geese, especially during nesting season. Geese often build nests within 150 feet of water, preferring open, elevated spots to observe threats. If you notice a goose hissing, honking, lowering its head, or spreading its wings, these are warning signs. Slowly back away while facing the bird.
Feeding geese encourages them to lose their natural fear of humans and can lead to aggressive behavior. Avoid direct eye contact, as geese may perceive this as a challenge. If a goose charges, do not turn your back or run; this can trigger a chase response. Instead, continue to face the goose while slowly backing away, sidestepping if necessary, until the bird stops pursuing you. Using an object like a backpack or umbrella can create a barrier if a physical attack becomes unavoidable.
After a Goose Bite
Goose bites are rarely severe, but they can break the skin and cause pain, bruising, or scratches. If bitten, promptly clean the wound with soap and water to reduce infection risk. Apply antiseptic and cover with a clean bandage. For minor wounds where the skin is not broken, standard first aid is usually sufficient.
Seek medical attention if the bite is deep, bleeds excessively, or shows signs of infection (swelling, redness, pus). Antibiotics or a tetanus shot may be necessary, especially for deep or dirty wounds. While rabies is not a concern with birds, bacterial infections are possible. If you experience significant pain, or if the bite results in a fall leading to sprains or broken bones, medical evaluation is important.