Garter snakes are common reptiles found throughout North America, ranging from central Canada to Costa Rica. They are widely distributed across diverse habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas, often near water sources. Many people often wonder about the biting behavior of these slender, striped snakes.
Garter Snake Temperament
Garter snakes are generally shy and non-aggressive creatures, preferring to avoid confrontation. Their primary defense mechanism when threatened is to flee quickly. If cornered or handled, a garter snake may coil and strike, or release a foul-smelling musk from a gland near its cloaca as a deterrent.
Bites usually occur when the snake feels threatened, is accidentally stepped on, or is handled by humans. While they can bite, it is a defensive action rather than aggression towards humans. Even captive-bred garter snakes, known for their docile nature, may bite if they feel ill, stressed, or threatened.
Effects of a Garter Snake Bite
Garter snakes are not considered dangerous to humans. They were long considered non-venomous, but recent discoveries show they produce a mild neurotoxic venom in their saliva. This venom is primarily used to subdue their small prey and is not potent enough to cause serious harm to humans.
A garter snake bite feels like a small pinch or pinprick. It may result in minor symptoms such as slight bleeding, redness, or mild swelling at the bite site. Serious complications are rare, though some individuals may experience localized irritation or, rarely, an allergic reaction. If bitten, clean the wound thoroughly with soap and water to prevent infection, and apply an antiseptic and clean bandage to reduce bacterial contamination.
Respectful Coexistence with Garter Snakes
Observing garter snakes from a safe distance is the best approach to avoid bites and respect their natural behavior. If you encounter one, allow it to move away on its own, as attempting to handle wild snakes can provoke a defensive bite. Maintaining a tidy yard by keeping lawns mowed and clearing debris like rock piles or logs can discourage their presence if preferred, as these provide shelter.
Garter snakes play a beneficial role in the ecosystem as natural pest controllers. Their diet includes slugs, earthworms, insects, amphibians, and small rodents, which helps manage populations of these animals. By consuming common garden pests, they contribute to a balanced environment. Avoiding pesticides helps ensure a healthy food source for them, supporting their ecological contributions.