The emu is the second-largest living bird species, a remarkable flightless creature native only to Australia. Growing up to six feet tall and weighing over 100 pounds, its size naturally sparks curiosity about its temperament and defensive capabilities. People often wonder how this large bird protects itself against potential threats in its environment, particularly how it reacts when it perceives danger.
The Truth About Emu Spitting
The widespread idea that emus defend themselves by spitting is not supported by scientific observation. Spitting is not a recognized defensive mechanism for this species, nor for any other large ratite bird. Their digestive and respiratory systems are not adapted to projectile expulsion of stomach contents or saliva as a defense.
Confusion about this behavior may arise from the loud vocalizations emus use to communicate or warn others. Both sexes produce various sounds, including deep grunting noises and a guttural hiss when stressed or threatened. These audible bursts of air can sometimes be misinterpreted as spitting or coughing, especially when heard from a distance. The female emu also produces a distinctive, resonant booming sound using an inflatable throat pouch, typically during courtship or as a territorial announcement.
Defensive Actions When Threatened
When an emu perceives a threat, its primary defenses are its impressive running speed and powerful legs. An emu can achieve speeds of up to 30 miles per hour, making a rapid retreat its preferred defense mechanism. They are built for sustained movement across open territories, allowing them to outrun most potential predators.
If escape is impossible, the emu will resort to its most formidable weapon: a forward-and-downward kick. These powerful legs, devoid of feathers and ending in three large, forward-facing toes, can deliver a tremendous impact. Each toe is tipped with a sharp claw, which can measure up to six inches.
The emu jumps into the air and delivers a powerful downward stomp or kick, using the claws to inflict significant damage. This action is strong enough to deter or even kill predators as large as a dingo. Before resorting to physical combat, the bird exhibits warning signs like adopting an upright posture, puffing out its feathers, and emitting a warning hiss.
General Emu Interaction with Humans
Emus are generally known for a calm and gentle disposition, showing an inquisitive nature. They are often curious and may approach a human or an unfamiliar object to investigate. These birds typically prefer to avoid conflict and will flee from humans if they feel their space is being invaded.
Aggressive behavior is rare and almost always situational, usually when the bird is provoked, cornered, or protecting its young. Male emus take on the sole responsibility of incubating the eggs and raising the chicks, and are particularly defensive during this period. Therefore, any encounter with an emu, especially during the breeding season, should be approached with caution and respect.