The fear surrounding earwigs is often sensationalized and rooted in the unsettling idea that they pose a threat to human health. This common insect, found globally, has a reputation that far outweighs its actual danger. Many people encounter them and immediately associate them with an unfounded myth. This article separates the facts of the earwig’s biology from the fiction to clarify its true threat level.
The Truth About the Urban Legend
The myth that earwigs seek out or burrow into human ears, potentially consuming brain matter, is entirely false. This persistent urban legend likely stems from the creature’s common name, “ēare-wicga,” meaning “ear wiggler.” No scientific consensus supports the idea that earwigs are attracted to the human ear canal.
Earwigs are not parasites and have no biological interest in the human body as a host or food source. While any small insect could accidentally crawl into an ear, documented cases involving earwigs are rare compared to spiders or moths. The human ear canal’s narrow passage and earwax make deep penetration toward the brain virtually impossible.
The insect’s mouthparts and abdominal pincers are not designed for drilling through skin or bone. Earwigs lay their eggs in underground burrows within the soil, proving reports of them laying eggs in the brain are without merit.
Identifying the Earwig
Earwigs have elongated, flattened bodies, typically ranging from a quarter-inch to one inch long, excluding their rear appendages. Their coloration is usually brown, reddish-brown, or black. They possess six legs and a pair of long, slender antennae.
The most recognizable feature is the pair of forceps-like pincers, scientifically known as cerci, located at the tip of the abdomen. These cerci exhibit sexual dimorphism, differing between the sexes. Male pincers tend to be longer and more distinctly curved, while female cerci are generally straighter.
These structures are primarily used for defense against small predators, folding their hindwings, and grasping during mating. Although they can pinch if handled, the cerci rarely break human skin and are not venomous.
Earwig Behavior and Diet
Earwigs are opportunistic omnivores and scavengers. Their diet consists of organic material, including decaying plant matter, fungi, moss, and algae. They also consume small, soft-bodied insects like aphids, which makes them beneficial in garden settings.
These insects are primarily nocturnal. During the day, they seek dark, moist, and sheltered environments to avoid desiccation and predators. Preferred habitats include areas under rocks, logs, leaf litter, garden mulch, and in cracks near the ground.
Earwigs only occasionally enter homes, usually when outdoor conditions become too dry or cold, seeking moisture. Once inside, they congregate in damp areas like basements or bathrooms. Their behavior revolves around foraging for food and securing a humid hiding spot.