Dry mouth, medically known as xerostomia, occurs when the salivary glands produce less saliva than normal, resulting in a sticky, parched feeling and sometimes difficulty speaking or swallowing. Xerostomia is often a side effect of common medications, including those for depression, high blood pressure, and allergies. It can also be linked to medical conditions like Sjögren’s syndrome or complications from head and neck radiation therapy. Dry mouth lozenges are a popular, accessible over-the-counter option designed to address this discomfort.
How Lozenges Provide Relief
Dry mouth lozenges work primarily through two mechanisms to alleviate dryness. First, slowly dissolving the lozenge stimulates a reflex action. The prolonged presence of flavor or mild acid signals the salivary glands to increase the flow of natural saliva. This process, which uses the body’s own fluid, is the most effective way to combat the underlying cause of dryness.
The second mechanism is mechanical lubrication, which provides immediate, temporary comfort. As the lozenge dissolves, it releases ingredients that coat the oral tissues, creating a moisturizing layer. This coating acts as a substitute for natural saliva, helping to lubricate the tongue and the inside of the cheeks.
Key Ingredients in Dry Mouth Lozenges
Xylitol, a sugar alcohol, is one of the most common active components found in many dry mouth products. It acts as a salivary stimulant, increasing the flow of saliva through its sweet taste. Xylitol also provides a dental benefit by inhibiting the growth of cavity-causing bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans.
To enhance the lubricating effect, many lozenges incorporate moisturizing agents, often types of cellulose compounds. Ingredients like carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or hydroxyethylcellulose are used to thicken the coating released by the dissolving lozenge. These polymers adhere to the oral mucosa and provide a slippery, wet texture that mimics the protective quality of saliva. Mild flavorings, such as mint or citrus, are also included because they function as secretagogues, substances that enhance saliva flow.
Assessing Clinical Effectiveness and Proper Use
Lozenges are considered an effective treatment for the symptoms of xerostomia, providing symptomatic relief rather than a cure for the underlying condition. Clinical studies show that lozenges containing salivary stimulants like xylitol can significantly increase saliva production and improve subjective feelings of dryness for many users. However, the relief provided is temporary, often lasting between one and three hours, necessitating reapplication throughout the day.
For proper use, allow the lozenge to dissolve slowly in the mouth without chewing it, as sustained action stimulates prolonged saliva flow. Since reduced saliva flow increases the risk of tooth decay, choosing sugar-free lozenges, especially those containing xylitol, is recommended to protect dental health. If dry mouth persists despite consistent use of lozenges, or if symptoms worsen, the underlying cause may require a different approach. In such cases, consulting a healthcare provider is necessary, as prescription treatments are available to stimulate saliva production.