Dogs possess a heart that functions as a central pump, circulating blood throughout their bodies, ensuring oxygen and nutrients reach every cell and waste products are removed. Understanding the canine heart is important for promoting a dog’s well-being.
The Canine Heart: Structure and Function
A dog’s heart is a four-chambered muscular organ, similar to a human heart. It consists of two upper chambers called atria and two lower ventricles. Valves between these chambers and leading to major arteries direct blood flow in a single direction.
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. Oxygenated blood then returns to the left side, which pumps it out to the rest of the body through the aorta and other arteries. This continuous circulation delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues and organs while carrying away carbon dioxide and other waste products. Dogs typically have a higher resting heart rate compared to humans, reflecting their faster metabolism.
Common Heart Conditions in Dogs
Dogs can experience several heart conditions, some prevalent in specific breeds or age groups. Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is frequently observed, particularly in smaller breeds as they age. This condition involves the thickening and degeneration of the mitral valve, leading to a leaky valve and causing the heart to work harder and potentially enlarge.
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is another common heart issue, primarily affecting larger and giant dog breeds such as Doberman Pinschers, Great Danes, and Boxers. With DCM, the heart muscle weakens and becomes thin, making it less effective at pumping blood and causing the heart chambers to enlarge. Heartworm disease, caused by parasitic worms transmitted by mosquitoes, can severely impact a dog’s heart and lungs if left untreated.
Some dogs are also born with congenital heart defects. Examples include patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), where a blood vessel fails to close after birth, and pulmonic stenosis, a narrowing of the artery leading to the lungs. Common signs of heart problems across these conditions include a persistent cough, lethargy, difficulty breathing, reduced exercise tolerance, and even fainting or collapse.
Maintaining Your Dog’s Heart Health
Regular veterinary check-ups are important for monitoring a dog’s heart health and detecting potential issues early. During these visits, veterinarians listen for heart murmurs or irregular rhythms and can recommend further diagnostic tests if concerns arise. Early detection allows for timely intervention, which can significantly improve outcomes.
A balanced diet and maintaining a healthy weight are also important for supporting heart function. Overweight dogs experience increased strain on their cardiovascular system. Providing appropriate exercise tailored to a dog’s age, breed, and health status helps strengthen the heart and manage weight. Consistent physical activity, such as walks, running, or swimming, improves cardiovascular efficiency.
Year-round heartworm prevention medication is recommended for all dogs, as heartworm disease is found in every state and can be life-threatening. These medications, available through veterinarians, eliminate heartworm larvae transmitted by mosquitoes. Owners should remain vigilant for any signs of heart trouble, such as coughing, unusual tiredness, or changes in breathing, and seek prompt veterinary attention if these symptoms appear.