Dermatologists treat ingrown toenails, a common and often painful condition. Their expertise in skin, hair, and nail conditions qualifies them to diagnose and manage these issues, understanding the intricate biology involved.
Understanding Ingrown Toenails
An ingrown toenail, medically known as onychocryptosis, occurs when the edge of a toenail grows into the surrounding skin rather than over it. This condition most commonly affects the big toe. Symptoms typically include localized pain, redness, and swelling around the affected nail edge.
Several factors can contribute to the development of an ingrown toenail. Improper nail trimming, such as cutting nails too short or rounding the corners, is a frequent cause. Other contributors include wearing tight or ill-fitting shoes that compress the toes, trauma to the toe, and genetic predisposition where the nail naturally curves inward.
Dermatologist’s Approach to Treatment
Dermatologists assess the ingrown toenail through visual examination and by gathering medical history. This helps them understand the condition’s severity and contributing factors, checking for inflammation, infection, or other complications.
For less severe cases, dermatologists may recommend conservative treatments. These often involve proper nail trimming techniques, gently lifting the ingrown nail edge, and placing a small piece of cotton or dental floss underneath to encourage the nail to grow outward. Warm foot soaks can also help reduce inflammation and discomfort, and topical or oral antibiotics might be prescribed if an infection is present.
When conservative methods are insufficient or the condition is more advanced, dermatologists can perform minor surgical procedures in their office. A common procedure is a partial nail avulsion, where a portion of the offending nail is carefully removed after the toe is numbed with local anesthesia. This relieves pressure and pain.
To prevent recurrence, especially in chronic cases, a dermatologist may perform a matrixectomy. This involves destroying a small section of the nail matrix, the tissue responsible for nail growth, typically using a chemical agent like phenol. This prevents the problematic portion of the nail from growing back, offering a more lasting solution while preserving most of the nail’s appearance.
When to Consult a Dermatologist
Seeking professional care is advisable if home remedies have not improved the condition within a few days or if symptoms worsen. Persistent or increasing pain, especially with signs of infection, warrants a visit.
Signs of infection include increased redness and swelling, warmth around the toe, throbbing pain, or the presence of pus or a foul odor. Prompt medical attention can prevent the infection from spreading or becoming more severe.
Individuals with certain underlying health conditions should consult a dermatologist at the first indication of an ingrown toenail. People with diabetes, poor circulation, or nerve damage in their feet face a higher risk of serious complications, such as ulcers or severe infections, due to reduced sensation and impaired healing.
Other Specialists for Ingrown Toenail Care
While dermatologists treat ingrown toenails, other medical professionals also play a role. Podiatrists, specializing in foot and ankle care, frequently treat ingrown toenails and perform both conservative and surgical interventions. They address foot biomechanics that might contribute to the problem.
Primary care physicians (PCPs) can often diagnose and treat mild ingrown toenails. They provide initial advice on home care and can prescribe antibiotics for simple infections. PCPs may also refer patients to a dermatologist or podiatrist if the condition is severe, recurrent, or complicated by other health issues.