Deer frequently damage gardens, leading many gardeners to seek plants that naturally deter them. Marigolds, known for their bright colors and distinct aroma, are often recommended for this purpose. Understanding why marigolds are effective is important for maintaining a lush garden.
The Verdict: Are Marigolds Deer Resistant?
Deer generally do not eat marigolds, making them widely considered deer-resistant. Marigolds are unappealing to deer due to their strong scent and bitter taste, causing them to be bypassed in favor of other forage.
No plant is “deer-proof,” and resistance is conditional. During times of extreme food scarcity or high deer pressure, deer may sample even the least palatable plants out of desperation.
Understanding the Deer Deterrent
Deer avoid marigolds due to the plant’s natural chemical defenses. The characteristic, pungent odor released by the foliage is a strong sensory deterrent. This scent is caused by volatile organic compounds, specifically a class of chemicals known as terpenes, which the plant produces.
These terpenes result in a distinctly bitter taste that deer quickly reject upon taking a bite. The defensive mechanism is concentrated in the leaves and stems, not the vibrant flower heads. The foliage can also possess an unappetizing texture, making them less desirable than soft-leaved plants.
Variability Among Marigold Types
All varieties of Tagetes are generally avoided, but resistance can vary. Both the tall African marigolds (Tagetes erecta) and the smaller French marigolds (Tagetes patula) are effective deterrents due to their robust, strong-smelling foliage. French marigolds are often used as edging plants to create a scented perimeter around vulnerable blooms.
Some specialized types, such as Signet marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia), have a lighter, more citrusy fragrance. While still deer-resistant, this less-intense aroma may offer slightly less protection than the traditional, strongly scented varieties.
Deer-Proofing Strategies Beyond Marigolds
Gardeners facing high deer activity should combine marigolds with other methods for comprehensive defense.
Physical Barriers
One effective strategy is utilizing physical barriers, such as installing a fence at least seven to eight feet tall. Temporary netting can also cover and protect newly planted shrubs or vulnerable annuals.
Commercial Repellents
Commercial deer repellents target both the deer’s sense of smell and taste. It is recommended to rotate between different formulas throughout the growing season to prevent deer from becoming accustomed to a single scent or flavor.
Companion Planting
Companion planting involves placing marigolds around plants that deer frequently browse. The marigold’s strong scent acts as a localized shield for more desirable species.