Lupines, with their distinctive tall spires of vibrant flowers and unique palmate foliage, are a popular choice for many gardeners seeking to add beauty and vertical interest to their landscapes. A common question arises for those gardening in areas with a deer presence: will these attractive plants become a meal for browsing deer? Understanding deer behavior and plant characteristics can help gardeners protect their lupines.
Understanding Deer and Lupines
Lupines are generally considered deer-resistant plants. This resistance stems from natural defenses they possess, making them less appealing than other vegetation. Lupines contain alkaloids, which give the plants a bitter taste and can be toxic in large quantities, deterring deer from consuming them. Additionally, the leaves of many lupine species are covered in fine, sometimes hairy or spiky, textures, which deer find unpalatable.
While lupines are not typically a preferred food source for deer, no plant is entirely “deer-proof.” The term “deer-resistant” signifies that deer are less likely to browse these plants, but they might still sample them. This means that a small amount of browsing could still occur.
Factors Influencing Deer Browsing
Several factors can influence whether deer browse plants they typically avoid, including lupines. Food scarcity is one factor. During periods when preferred food sources are limited, such as in drought conditions, harsh winters, or in areas with high deer populations, deer may broaden their diet and consume plants they would normally ignore.
The maturity of the plant also plays a role. Young, tender lupine shoots can be more vulnerable to browsing than established, mature plants. While deer generally avoid mature lupines due to their bitter taste and rough texture, new growth may lack these deterrents sufficiently. Local deer population pressure can also impact browsing habits; areas with a higher density of deer may experience increased browsing on a wider range of plants. Individual deer can also have varying dietary preferences.
Protecting Lupines from Deer
To minimize deer browsing on lupines, gardeners can implement several protective measures. Physical barriers offer the most effective protection. Fencing, whether temporary or permanent, can prevent deer access. Fences typically need to be at least 6 to 8 feet tall, as deer are capable jumpers. Smaller gardens might use a 6-foot fence, while larger areas may require 7.5 to 10-foot barriers, especially if the terrain is sloped.
Deer repellents can also deter browsing. These come in taste-based and olfactory (smell-based) options. Taste repellents make the plant unpalatable after a bite, while olfactory repellents use strong scents like peppermint oil, garlic, or rotten eggs to discourage deer. Repellents require consistent reapplication, especially after rain or when new plant growth emerges.
Strategic planting can also help; placing lupines among other strongly deer-resistant plants, such as lavender or rosemary, might create a less inviting environment. Regular monitoring for signs of browsing allows for timely intervention.