Liatris, known as blazing star or gayfeather, is a native perennial prized for its vibrant, purple, spire-like flowers. These striking plants offer a strong vertical element and attract pollinators like monarch butterflies and bees. The primary concern for gardeners is whether deer will consume Liatris; the general answer is that it is usually not a preferred item on the deer menu.
Liatris: Generally Deer-Resistant
Liatris is widely categorized as a deer-resistant plant, meaning it is seldom severely damaged by deer browsing, though no plant is entirely deer-proof. This resistance is due to biological characteristics that make the plant unappealing to a deer’s palate. The foliage possesses a tough and fibrous texture, which is less palatable than the soft leaves of many other garden plants. Deer typically prefer smooth, easily digestible vegetation.
The plant’s natural defense also involves chemistry, containing secondary metabolites that create a bitter taste. These compounds, often terpenoids, signal to the grazing animal that the plant is not a good food source. This bitterness is a deterrent, especially when deer have a choice of other, more flavorful plants nearby. Liatris is often placed in the “Rarely Damaged” category on deer resistance scales.
The strong, somewhat pungent aroma of the plant also plays a role in deterring deer, whose sense of smell is essential for foraging. An intense or unusual scent can interfere with their ability to identify preferred food sources, causing them to move on. This combination of tough texture, bitter taste, and unappealing scent makes Liatris a resilient choice for areas prone to deer activity.
When Deer Ignore Natural Aversions
While Liatris has built-in resistance, deer will ignore their natural aversions under specific environmental pressures. The most common reason deer consume typically resistant plants is sheer hunger, particularly during periods of food scarcity. Late winter and early spring are the most vulnerable times, as preferred food sources have been consumed or are not yet available.
In areas with a high population density of deer, competition for food forces them to broaden their diet and consume less desirable plants. When the local carrying capacity is exceeded, deer will sample and consume nearly any vegetation to survive, including Liatris. Starvation overrides the natural instinct to avoid bitter or rough-textured plants.
The age and growth stage of the Liatris plant also influence its susceptibility to browsing. Young, newly sprouted shoots are generally softer and contain a higher concentration of nutrients and water compared to mature, established stalks. Deer may take a few bites of this new growth, especially in the spring, which is considered browsing rather than sustained feeding. Minor browsing may damage the plant’s appearance but will not typically result in the death of the perennial.
Strategies for Protecting Liatris
For gardeners who experience deer damage despite Liatris’ natural resistance, several protective measures can be implemented. Physical deterrents offer the most reliable form of protection by creating a barrier between the animal and the plant. Temporary caging or netting placed around young plants can guard the soft, vulnerable spring growth until the Liatris matures and its foliage toughens.
In situations where individual plant protection is impractical, motion-activated sprinklers provide an effective, non-lethal deterrent. These devices use a sudden burst of water and movement to startle the deer, discouraging them from returning to the area. This method works by disrupting the deer’s sense of security and creating an unpleasant experience.
Gardeners can utilize taste and scent-based repellents, designed to enhance the plant’s natural unpalatability. Commercial repellents often contain ingredients such as putrescent egg solids, dried blood, or garlic, creating a strong, offensive odor and taste. To prevent deer from becoming accustomed to a single product, rotate between two or three different types of repellents throughout the season. Planting Liatris closer to the house or near other aromatic, unpalatable plants like lavender or sage can help deter grazing.