Gardening in areas with high deer pressure requires selecting plants that can survive browsing. Geraniums, a popular and vibrant choice for planters and flowerbeds, are often cited as deer-resistant. However, “deer-resistant” is not a guarantee; it only indicates the plant’s palatability compared to a deer’s preferred food sources. Understanding the nuances of a deer’s diet and a plant’s natural defenses is necessary for successful gardening in areas with high deer pressure.
The Deer’s Appetite for Geraniums
Geraniums are generally not a top choice for deer, making them a valuable addition to many landscapes. Deer tend to avoid these plants due to physical and chemical deterrents in the foliage. The leaves of many types of geraniums possess a fuzzy or coarse texture, which is less appealing to a deer’s palate than smooth foliage.
The most significant defense mechanism is the plant’s strong, pungent scent, often tied to a bitter taste. This aroma, produced by volatile oils, can overwhelm a deer’s sensitive olfactory sense, prompting them to look elsewhere. However, no plant is entirely “deer-proof,” and resistance can break down under certain conditions.
When deer populations are high, or during periods of food scarcity like drought or cold winter months, even less-preferred plants like geraniums may be browsed. Deer are opportunistic feeders; a hungry animal will sample any available greenery if its favorite foods, such as hostas or tulips, are unavailable. They may also nibble on the bright flowers, even if they dislike the taste of the leaves.
Understanding the Geranium Family Distinction
Confusion over whether deer eat geraniums stems from a common horticultural misnomer that lumps two distinct plant genera together. The annual “geraniums” commonly seen in hanging baskets are technically Pelargoniums. These plants typically have the strongest scent and fuzzy leaves, which is why they are rated as only occasionally damaged by deer.
The true geraniums, or hardy cranesbills, belong to the genus Geranium and are perennial plants that form spreading clumps. Within this genus, deer resistance varies considerably among specific species. For instance, Geranium macrorrhizum is considered seldom damaged due to its fragrance and texture, making it a reliable choice.
Conversely, other species, such as Geranium endressii, are known to be frequently grazed by deer and should be planted with caution in deer-heavy environments. This biological distinction clarifies why one gardener may report a plant surviving untouched while another reports a similar plant being decimated. The specific species of Geranium or Pelargonium makes a significant difference in its appeal to browsing animals.
Practical Strategies for Plant Protection
If deer pressure is consistently high, relying solely on a plant’s natural resistance may not ensure its survival. Applying taste-based chemical deterrents is an effective intervention, as deer are discouraged by foul flavors. Formulas containing putrescent egg solids or capsaicin (hot pepper extract) are commonly used and offer a direct, unpleasant experience.
These liquid repellents must be reapplied regularly, especially after heavy rainfall or when new plant growth emerges, since fresh foliage will not be protected. To prevent deer from becoming accustomed to a single flavor, it is effective to rotate between two different repellent formulas every few weeks.
Physical barriers, while sometimes visually intrusive, offer the most reliable protection for highly valued plants. A fence needs to be at least seven to eight feet tall to prevent deer from jumping into the garden area. For individual specimens, temporary physical exclusion, such as placing wire cages or netting over young plants, can shield them during vulnerable stages. Companion planting is also a strategic defense, utilizing strong scents that deer naturally dislike. Planting aromatic herbs like lavender, rosemary, or catmint near geraniums can help mask the scent or create a perimeter of offensive odors.