Texas is home to a diverse array of wildlife, but true crocodiles are not among them. While the American crocodile exists in the southernmost parts of Florida, it is not native to Texas. Instead, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is the sole native crocodilian species found within the state. These large reptiles have a long history in Texas, with populations thriving in its waterways for centuries.
Alligators and Crocodiles: Key Differences
Distinguishing between an alligator and a crocodile involves several physical characteristics. A primary difference lies in the shape of their snouts. Alligators possess a broad, U-shaped snout, while crocodiles have a more pointed, V-shaped snout.
Another key difference is the visibility of their teeth when their mouths are closed. With an alligator, lower teeth fit into sockets in the upper jaw, so only upper teeth are visible. Crocodiles, however, have jaws of similar width, causing some lower teeth to remain visible. Alligators have darker skin, often gray or black, while crocodiles exhibit lighter, olive or tan coloration.
Where Alligators Live in Texas
American alligators in Texas are primarily concentrated in the eastern half of the state. Their range extends from the Sabine River in East Texas, across the coastal marshes, and westward to areas around Interstate 35, reaching the Rio Grande. Approximately 120 counties within Texas have alligator populations, with the highest densities found along the Gulf Coastal Plains.
These reptiles thrive in various wetland habitats, including coastal marshes, swamps, rivers, natural lakes, and some reservoirs. The upper Texas coast has a high concentration of alligators. While less common in Central Texas, alligators have been observed in rivers like the Brazos, which forms the western edge of their distribution. They are also found in the Trinity River system, extending as far north as the Dallas/Fort Worth area.
Staying Safe Around Alligators
Coexisting with alligators requires awareness and adherence to safety guidelines. Never feed alligators, as this causes them to lose their natural fear of humans and associate people with food. Feeding alligators is illegal in Texas and can lead to them becoming a nuisance. Dispose of fish scraps in designated garbage cans, rather than leaving them near water, to avoid attracting alligators.
When near water bodies where alligators might be present, keep pets on a leash and away from the water’s edge. Dogs, due to their size and behavior, can resemble an alligator’s natural prey. Always maintain a safe distance of at least 30 feet from alligators; if one hisses, it indicates you are too close, and you should slowly back away. Swimming should only occur in designated areas and during daylight hours, as alligators are most active between dusk and dawn. If an alligator approaches you directly, especially if it comes out of the water, it may be considered a nuisance and should be reported to the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department at (512) 389-4848.