Many people wonder if crocodiles have a tongue. Crocodiles do indeed have tongues, though their structure and function differ significantly from those of many other animals, including humans.
Anatomy of the Crocodile Tongue
A crocodile’s tongue is a muscular, fleshy organ at the bottom of its mouth. Unlike the highly mobile tongues found in mammals, a crocodile’s tongue is largely immobile and flattened. It is firmly attached along its entire length to the floor of the lower jaw by a membrane, which severely restricts its movement. This attachment means the tongue cannot be protruded from the mouth.
The tongue itself is relatively short and thick, with a rough surface. Its structure includes striated lingual musculature and an adipose tissue core. Some species also possess lingual glands in the posterior part of the tongue that function as salt glands, aiding in the excretion of excess salt.
Purpose of the Crocodile Tongue
Despite its fixed position, the crocodile’s tongue performs several roles. One primary function is its contribution to a specialized structure called the palatal valve, located at the back of the throat. This membranous flap, along with the tongue, can seal off the throat from the oral cavity. This adaptation prevents water from entering the respiratory system when the crocodile’s mouth is open underwater, allowing it to grasp prey without drowning.
The tongue also assists in manipulating food within the mouth, guiding prey toward the esophagus for swallowing. While crocodiles do not chew their food, their tongue helps position the prey for efficient swallowing, often whole or in large pieces. Additionally, the tongue has sensory capabilities, with taste buds on its surface that help in detecting flavors.
Why the Misconception Persists
The belief that crocodiles lack tongues primarily stems from the organ’s fixed and non-protrusible nature. Because the tongue is tethered to the bottom of the mouth, it is not easily visible, especially when the crocodile’s mouth is open. This contrasts sharply with many other animals whose tongues are highly mobile and frequently observed.
The lack of visible movement contributes to the illusion of absence. This unique anatomical design, an adaptation to their aquatic predatory lifestyle, is the main reason for the common misunderstanding.