Coyotes and German Shepherds are distinct species, though they share some superficial resemblances that can lead to misidentification. Both belong to the Canidae family, but their evolutionary paths have resulted in unique physical and behavioral adaptations. Understanding these distinctions is important for proper identification.
Key Visual Similarities
Coyotes and German Shepherds share several visual characteristics that can contribute to initial confusion. Both animals possess a general canine body shape, featuring a medium-to-large build. They typically have upright, pointed ears. Their tails are often bushy, and both can exhibit coat color variations that include shades of gray, brown, and tan. The overall appearance of a German Shepherd was even purposefully bred to resemble wild canids like wolves or coyotes, particularly with their pointed ears and long muzzles.
Key Visual Differences
Despite shared superficial traits, significant physical differences exist between coyotes and German Shepherds. Coyotes are generally smaller and more slender, typically weighing 15 to 46 pounds and standing 20 to 26 inches tall at the shoulder. German Shepherds are considerably larger and more robust, with males often weighing 50 to 90 pounds and reaching heights of 22 to 26 inches at the shoulder. Coyotes possess a narrower chest, smaller feet, and a more lithe, lean body built for endurance and swiftness. German Shepherds have a more heavily built frame with a broader head, chest, and hips, reflecting their muscular and agile build for herding and protection.
A coyote’s muzzle is typically more pointed and fox-like, while German Shepherds tend to have a broader, more defined snout. A coyote’s ears are often large and triangular, sometimes with rusty red backs. German Shepherds’ ears also stand erect when alert, but their overall head shape contributes to a different facial expression.
Coyotes usually have a bushy, cylindrically shaped tail that hangs low, often with a black tip, and is not typically carried high. Conversely, German Shepherds often carry their tails more curved or saber-like, tending to lift them when trotting or walking. A coyote’s backbone is typically level from neck to tail, while many German Shepherds, especially in North America, have hind legs that give their hindquarters a sloped appearance.
Behavioral Distinctions
Beyond their physical appearance, coyotes and German Shepherds display distinct behavioral patterns. Coyotes move with a stealthy, loping gait, and their backbone tends to remain still while running. In contrast, a German Shepherd’s backbone may rock up and down with each stride, causing its head to bob. Coyotes are wild animals that generally avoid human contact, often fleeing at the sight of a person. They are typically elusive. German Shepherds, being domesticated, are highly social and form strong bonds with humans, eager to please and follow commands.
Vocalizations also differ significantly. Coyotes are known for a wide range of sounds including yips, barks, and distinctive howls. Their Latin name, Canis latrans, even means “barking dog,” reflecting their vocal nature. German Shepherds primarily communicate through barks, growls, and whines.
In terms of social structure, coyotes live in small family groups. They are territorial and communicate using a complex system of vocalizations, body postures, and scent marking. German Shepherds are bred to integrate into human families and may live amicably with other dogs, submitting to human authority. Coyotes are often more active during dawn and dusk (crepuscular) or at night (nocturnal), while German Shepherds are generally diurnal.
Encountering Wildlife
Encountering an unfamiliar canine, whether a coyote or a lost German Shepherd, requires a cautious approach. If you suspect an animal might be a coyote, maintain a safe distance and avoid approaching it. Coyotes are naturally timid, but if one lingers or approaches, a technique called “hazing” can be used to scare it away.
This involves making yourself appear large and loud by waving your arms, clapping, shouting, or making noise with objects like pots and pans. Continue hazing until the coyote leaves the area entirely, and avoid running or turning your back. If the animal shows aggressive behavior or does not retreat, contact local animal control or wildlife authorities immediately.
If the animal appears to be a lost domesticated dog, such as a German Shepherd, exercise caution before approaching. Approach slowly and calmly, speaking in a gentle voice, and consider using food to coax a frightened animal. Check for an ID tag on a collar; if none is present, take the animal to a local animal shelter or veterinarian to be scanned for a microchip, which can help identify the owner. Posting photos and information on social media and neighborhood groups can also assist in reuniting lost pets with their families. Under no circumstances should you feed wild animals, as this can alter their natural behaviors and lead to dangerous encounters.