Coyotes (Canis latrans) live in Florida and are considered a naturalized species. They are a relatively new addition to Florida’s fauna, having expanded their range eastward over the last several decades. Their adaptability and opportunistic nature allow them to thrive in diverse environments, from natural preserves to highly developed urban centers.
How Coyotes Colonized Florida
The coyote population in Florida resulted from a natural range expansion from the Midwest and western United States. Historically confined to the plains, coyotes moved eastward as humans altered the landscape. This expansion was accelerated by the eradication of apex predators like the gray wolf and the red wolf, which reduced competition for resources across the eastern U.S.
Coyotes first moved into the Florida Panhandle around the 1960s, with established populations documented by the late 1970s. Although some isolated introductions occurred, the primary driver was the natural southward spread into the Florida peninsula. Their ability to survive in various habitats allowed them to quickly colonize the state, establishing a presence in most counties within a few decades.
Where Coyotes Live Across the State
Coyotes are now present in all 67 counties of Florida, making them one of the most widely distributed wild mammals in the state. They are habitat generalists, thriving in nearly every type of environment.
Their presence is not limited to rural or wilderness areas; they are increasingly common in suburban and urban environments. Coyotes frequently use city parks, golf courses, greenways, and residential areas as part of their territory. In developed areas, they may establish dens in hollow logs, brush piles, or artificial structures like crawl spaces under porches and sheds.
Coyote Behavior and Diet in Florida
Coyotes in Florida are crepuscular and nocturnal, most active during dawn, dusk, and night. While naturally shy, their comfort level increases in developed areas where food is readily available. They usually hunt alone or in pairs, covering a home range that varies depending on resource availability.
The coyote’s diet is opportunistic and varied. In natural settings, they eat rodents, rabbits, insects, reptiles, and fruit. In suburban areas, their diet often includes human-related food sources like garbage, pet food left outdoors, and fallen fruit. They are also known to prey on small, unsupervised domestic animals, such as outdoor cats and small dogs.
Safe Coexistence with Coyotes
Preventing conflicts with coyotes requires eliminating potential food sources and reinforcing their natural fear of humans. Securing attractants is the most effective preventative measure, which includes keeping garbage cans tightly sealed and removing pet food immediately after use. It is also important to clear away bird seed spills and fallen fruit, as these items attract rodents, which in turn draw coyotes into the yard.
Supervising small pets is necessary, especially during the peak activity times of dusk and dawn. Cats should be kept indoors, and small dogs should always be walked on a short leash, preferably one less than six feet long. If a coyote approaches, actively using “hazing” techniques helps maintain the animal’s wariness.
Hazing involves using physical actions and loud noises to frighten the coyote away, teaching it to associate human presence with danger. If a coyote does not immediately retreat, shout, wave your arms to appear larger, and throw small objects toward its vicinity. Continue this assertive action until the coyote leaves the area completely.