Coyotes are highly adaptable wild canids found across North America, thriving in diverse environments. Identifying them can be challenging due to physical similarities with domestic dogs and wolves. A common point of inquiry often revolves around their tail.
The White Tip: Fact or Myth?
Many wonder if coyotes possess a distinctive white-tipped tail. While red foxes are known for their prominent white tail tips, most coyotes do not share this characteristic. Coyote tails are typically bushy and have a black or dark tip. This dark coloration is a common and identifiable trait.
It is rare for a pure coyote to have a white-tipped tail, making it an unreliable identifier. In some instances, a coyote might exhibit a small white patch under the tail or a white tip surrounded by black fur, but this is not universal. The consistent black or dark tip distinguishes coyotes from red foxes, which frequently display a noticeable white tip.
Beyond the Tail: A Full Coyote Profile
Since a white tail tip is not a reliable identifier, other physical attributes provide a more accurate way to distinguish coyotes. They are medium-sized canids, typically weighing 18 to 44 pounds for males and 15 to 40 pounds for females. Eastern coyotes tend to be larger, with males averaging around 45 pounds. Their build is generally slender, appearing smaller than wolves but larger than foxes.
Their fur color varies geographically, ranging from light gray and red or fulvous, often interspersed with black and white. Coats can also be grayish-brown to yellowish-gray, with lighter undersides; the throat, chest, and belly are frequently white or cream-colored. Coyotes have tall, pointed, and erect ears, which are typically large and triangular. Their snout is narrow and pointed, further contributing to their distinct appearance.
The Coyote Tail in Motion: Posture and Communication
The coyote’s tail is a tool for communication. It is relatively long, averaging around 16 inches. A notable feature is the scent gland, known as the supracaudal or violet gland, located at the base of the tail, which plays a role in scent marking.
Coyotes usually carry their tails low, often drooping below their back or held between their hind legs. This low carriage is noticeable when running or feeling threatened. Tail posture conveys mood; a wagging tail indicates playfulness, while a tucked tail suggests submission or fear. This contrasts with domestic dogs, which often carry their tails high, or wolves, which hold them straight out or slightly curved upwards.