Copperheads are primarily terrestrial snakes. However, they do enter water. Though capable swimmers, they are not true water snakes and do not spend extended periods in water.
Copperheads and Aquatic Environments
Copperheads frequently interact with water sources, as their preferred habitats often include areas near streams, ponds, swamps, and other bodies of water. These snakes may enter water to hunt amphibians like frogs, or even small mammals and reptiles that reside near the water’s edge.
Beyond hunting, copperheads utilize water for thermoregulation, especially during hot weather, as water provides a cooling respite. They may also swim to escape predators or to cross obstacles such as flooded areas, streams, or ponds. They propel themselves through water with a serpentine motion, typically keeping their heads elevated above the surface. Unlike some water snakes, they rarely submerge for long periods.
Identifying Copperheads Near Water
Distinguishing copperheads from non-venomous water snakes is important for safety, especially near aquatic environments. Copperheads possess a distinctive appearance, characterized by broad, triangular heads that are noticeably wider than their necks. Their bodies feature hourglass-shaped crossbands, often described as resembling “Hershey’s Kisses” or saddles, which are wider on the sides and narrower along the backbone. The coloration usually ranges from a pale tan to a reddish-brown or copper color, which gives them their name.
In contrast, non-venomous water snakes, such as northern water snakes, often have heads that are more in line with their bodies and less distinct from the neck. Their patterns typically consist of dark blotches or bands that may be narrower on the sides and wider towards the backbone, or broken across the back. When swimming, copperheads tend to float with their entire body and head visible above the water, while water snakes often swim with their bodies submerged, with only their heads visible.
Encountering Copperheads in Water
If a copperhead is encountered in or near water, maintaining a safe distance is important. These snakes are not aggressive and will attempt to retreat if given the opportunity. Do not attempt to handle, harass, or capture the snake, as bites often occur when individuals try to intervene. Slowly backing away from the snake allows it to move away without feeling threatened.
In the event of a copperhead bite, seek immediate medical attention by calling emergency services. While waiting for professional help, take the following steps:
- Remain calm and still to help slow the spread of venom.
- Remove any jewelry or tight clothing near the bite area, as swelling can occur.
- Gently wash the wound with soap and water, and cover it with a clean, dry dressing.
- Avoid applying ice, cutting the wound, attempting to suck out venom, or using a tourniquet.
- If possible, take a photograph of the snake from a safe distance to assist medical personnel with identification.