Copperheads are a type of venomous snake common across the eastern and central United States, found in various habitats from forests to suburban areas. They are responsible for a significant number of snake bites in the U.S., though their venom is rarely fatal to humans. They often inhabit rocky hillsides, wooded areas, and even overgrown meadows, adapting to diverse environments.
Copperheads in Water
Copperhead snakes do enter water, though they are not primarily aquatic. They are considered semi-aquatic, comfortable in both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Copperheads might seek out water for several reasons, including hunting for prey such as frogs or small fish, cooling down on hot days, escaping predators, or simply traveling between different areas. They can swim in various bodies of water.
When copperheads swim, their entire body floats on the surface with their head elevated. Their swimming motion involves an undulating, side-to-side movement, similar to their slithering on land. While they are capable swimmers, they are not as agile in water as highly aquatic snake species. Encountering a snake in water does not automatically mean it is a non-venomous water snake, as copperheads are proficient swimmers.
Distinguishing Copperheads from Water Snakes
Misidentifying copperheads and non-venomous water snakes is common due to their similar appearance. Copperheads have a distinct body pattern featuring dark, hourglass-shaped bands that resemble “Hershey’s Kisses” on a lighter, often copper or reddish-brown background. These bands are typically wider on the sides and narrow towards the spine. In contrast, water snakes often have varied patterns, such as blotches or bands that may be wider near the backbone and narrower on the sides, or even broken patterns.
Head shape is another clue: copperheads possess a triangular-shaped head due to their venom glands, which is noticeably wider than their neck. Water snakes, generally, have a more rounded head that flows smoothly into their body, though they can flatten their heads when threatened to mimic a triangular shape. Pupil shape is another distinction: copperheads have vertical, elliptical (cat-like) pupils, while water snakes have round pupils. However, observing pupil shape requires close proximity, which is not advisable for safety.
Regarding swimming style, copperheads tend to float with their entire body visible on the water’s surface, keeping their head elevated. Water snakes, conversely, often swim with more of their body submerged and may dive underwater when threatened. Copperheads typically measure between 2 to 3 feet in length and have a stout, robust build. Water snakes can also be substantial in size, but their body shape can vary from slender to stocky depending on the species.
Safety Around Copperheads Near Water
Encountering any snake, especially near water where identification can be challenging, requires caution. Maintain a safe distance; never handle, provoke, or kill a snake. Most snake bites occur when a snake feels threatened or is accidentally touched. Copperheads are not aggressive unless they perceive a threat.
Awareness of surroundings is important. When in areas where snakes might be present, such as wooded areas or near water sources, watch where you step and place your hands. Wearing appropriate footwear, like high boots, provides protection.
If a bite occurs, seek immediate medical attention. Remain calm, gently wash the bite area with soap and water, and remove any tight clothing or jewelry. Do not attempt to suck out the venom, apply ice, or use a tourniquet, as these actions can cause more harm.