Copperhead snakes, recognized by their distinctive copper-colored heads and hourglass-shaped body patterns, are venomous snakes commonly found across the eastern United States. They are capable swimmers, and encountering them in or near water is a definite possibility.
Copperhead Swimming Behavior
Copperheads swim effectively using a serpentine motion, similar to how they move on land. While swimming, these snakes typically keep their heads elevated above the water’s surface. This allows them to breathe and observe their surroundings.
Although proficient swimmers, copperheads are not considered aquatic snakes. They do not possess the specialized adaptations of true water snakes, such as flattened tails, which aid in underwater movement. Copperheads generally swim on the surface and rarely submerge themselves for extended periods, though they can do so if necessary, for instance, to escape a threat.
Habitat and Reasons for Swimming
Copperhead snakes inhabit a diverse range of environments, including woodlands, rocky hillsides, and swamps. They are frequently found near water sources like streams, rivers, and ponds. These areas provide abundant cover and a rich supply of prey. Copperheads are primarily terrestrial, preferring land-based environments.
Copperheads enter water for several ecological reasons. They may swim to hunt prey, as their diet includes amphibians like frogs and toads, as well as small mammals and insects often found near water. Crossing bodies of water allows them to access new territories or escape from predators. On hot days, they might also seek refuge in or near water for thermoregulation, as snakes are ectothermic and rely on external sources to manage their body temperature.
Encountering Copperheads Near Water
When encountering snakes near water, exercise caution and maintain a safe distance. Copperheads have a distinctive hourglass-shaped pattern on their bodies and a broad, triangular head. Non-venomous water snakes can flatten their heads to appear more triangular, making identification challenging. A key behavioral difference is that copperheads typically swim with their head elevated, while true water snakes often swim with their bodies submerged or only their heads visible.
If a copperhead is spotted, remain calm and slowly move away. Observe the snake from a distance; never attempt to handle, provoke, or move it. Most bites occur when people accidentally step on a snake or try to interact with it. Wearing sturdy footwear in areas where copperheads are common offers protection. If a snake poses a direct threat, contact a professional wildlife removal service.