Cicada killer wasps are large, burrowing insects found throughout North America. These solitary wasps are known for their role as predators of cicadas. They typically emerge during summer, often seen in lawns, gardens, and other areas with loose soil.
Stinging Behavior and Likelihood
Cicada killer wasps are generally not aggressive towards humans. Only female cicada killer wasps possess a stinger, which they primarily use to paralyze cicadas, their main prey. A female wasp will typically only sting a human if she is roughly handled, stepped on, or becomes trapped in clothing. This behavior contrasts with social wasps like yellowjackets or hornets, which are more prone to defending their nests.
Male cicada killer wasps, while often appearing territorial and aggressive as they patrol nesting areas, do not have a stinger. They may “dive-bomb” or fly close to people, but this is usually a display to ward off other males, not an attack. The sting from a female cicada killer is often described as mild, sometimes feeling like a pinprick, but can be more painful for some individuals.
Identifying Cicada Killers
Cicada killer wasps are among the largest wasps in North America, with females ranging from 1.5 to 2 inches long and males slightly smaller. Their robust bodies have black to reddish-brown abdominal segments marked with light yellow stripes. The head and thorax often show reddish or brownish areas, and their wings are typically brownish or amber-tinted.
These wasps prefer to dig burrows in well-drained, sandy, or loose soil, often in sunny locations like lawns, gardens, and along sidewalks. The entrance to their burrow is about 0.6 inches to 1.5 inches in diameter, often surrounded by a U-shaped mound of excavated soil. Unlike social wasps, cicada killers are solitary; each female builds and provisions her own nest, though several may nest in the same general area.
If a Sting Occurs
If a cicada killer sting occurs, typical symptoms include localized pain, swelling, and redness. Some individuals might also experience itching or a burning sensation.
Basic first aid involves removing any visible stinger, cleaning the area with soap and water, and applying a cold compress to reduce swelling and pain. Over-the-counter pain relievers, like ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can manage discomfort.
Monitor the sting site for infection or worsening symptoms. Seek medical attention immediately if severe allergic reactions develop, including difficulty breathing, widespread rash, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, or swelling of the face, lips, or throat.