A chalazion is a common, typically painless lump that can develop on the eyelid. This usually benign condition forms when an oil gland within the eyelid becomes blocked. A chalazion is generally not an infection and often resolves on its own.
What is a Chalazion?
A chalazion forms due to a blockage in one of the tiny oil-producing glands, known as meibomian glands, located within the eyelid. When the opening of one of these glands becomes obstructed, the oily secretion, or meibum, builds up, causing inflammation and the formation of a firm lump. This condition differs from a stye (hordeolum), which is typically a painful, red, and often infected bump appearing closer to the eyelid’s edge. A chalazion, however, is non-infectious and may sometimes develop after a stye has resolved.
The Natural Course of a Chalazion
A chalazion often begins as a small, slightly tender area on the eyelid. As the trapped oil and inflammatory cells accumulate, the lump can become more prominent, sometimes appearing to “worsen” before it begins to resolve. This happens because the body reacts to the blocked gland by walling off the material, leading to a firm nodule that can grow to the size of a pea. The progression involves initial inflammation and swelling, followed by solidification of the lump, then gradual shrinking as the body reabsorbs its contents. Many chalazia resolve naturally within a few weeks to a few months.
At-Home Care and When to See a Doctor
Managing a chalazion often begins with simple at-home care. Applying warm compresses is a primary recommendation, as the heat helps to soften the hardened oil and encourage drainage. Apply a warm, moist cloth to the closed eyelid for 10 to 15 minutes, three to six times a day. Gentle massage of the eyelid after applying the compress can also help promote drainage. Maintaining good eyelid hygiene and avoiding squeezing or attempting to “pop” the chalazion prevents further irritation or infection.
While many chalazia improve with home treatment, professional medical attention is sometimes needed. If the chalazion persists for several weeks or months despite home care, or if it increases in size, causes significant pain, or affects vision, a doctor should be consulted. Spreading redness, signs of infection like pus or fever, or frequent recurrence of chalazia also warrant medical advice.
Medical Treatment Options
If a chalazion does not resolve with consistent home care, medical interventions are available. A steroid injection directly into the chalazion is an option. This corticosteroid medication helps reduce inflammation, causing the chalazion to shrink over several weeks. Steroid injections are often considered for smaller chalazia or those in sensitive areas.
For larger or persistent chalazia that do not respond to injections or home remedies, surgical drainage may be recommended. This minor in-office procedure, often performed under local anesthesia, involves making a small incision to drain and remove the material. Recovery from surgical drainage is usually quick, with minimal discomfort and a return to normal activities within a day or two.