Centipedes do “bite” humans, more accurately, they inject venom. While a centipede’s defensive action can be painful, it rarely poses a life-threatening danger to people. Most encounters result in localized discomfort, which typically resolves without serious complications.
Centipede Attack Mechanism
Centipedes do not possess mandibles or teeth for biting in the way a mammal would. Instead, they use specialized appendages positioned behind their head called forcipules. These forcipules are modified front legs that have evolved into pincer-like structures, serving as their primary tool for defense and subduing prey.
Each forcipule contains a venom gland at its base, delivering venom. When a centipede feels threatened or captures prey, these forcipules pierce the skin, injecting venom into the target. This action typically leaves two puncture marks on the skin, often appearing in a V-shape due to the arrangement of the forcipules.
Common Symptoms of a Centipede Bite
A centipede’s venom injection commonly results in immediate, sharp pain at the site. Many describe this sensation as a burning feeling or comparable to a bee sting. This initial pain varies in intensity; larger centipedes often deliver a more potent venom dose.
The injection site typically develops localized reactions such as redness, swelling, and tenderness. Bruising, minor bleeding, itching, or a tingling sensation may also occur. Discomfort is common, but the pain usually subsides within a few hours and generally resolves within one to three days.
Systemic symptoms are less common but can occasionally manifest. These may include nausea, headache, dizziness, or a low-grade fever. Swollen lymph nodes or heart palpitations are rarely reported.
When to Seek Medical Attention and Treatment
If you experience a centipede bite, thoroughly clean the affected area with soap and water to minimize infection risk. Apply a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in cloth to reduce pain and swelling. Do not place the ice pack directly on the skin to avoid frostbite.
Most centipede bites can be managed at home, but medical attention is advisable in certain situations. Seek professional care if symptoms worsen, do not improve within 48 hours, or if signs of infection appear, including increasing redness, warmth, pus, or a foul odor. Red streaks extending from the bite site or a fever also warrant medical evaluation.
Seek immediate medical attention for any signs of a severe allergic reaction, including:
- Difficulty breathing
- Widespread hives or a rash
- Swelling of the face or throat
- Dizziness
- A rapid heart rate
Young children, elderly individuals, or those with existing health conditions should also be assessed by a healthcare provider.
Healthcare providers may recommend over-the-counter pain relievers (e.g., acetaminophen or ibuprofen) for discomfort. Antihistamines can alleviate itching and allergic reactions. Topical corticosteroids may be prescribed in some cases, and a tetanus shot might be considered based on vaccination history and wound condition.