Understanding Concussions
A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from a bump, blow, or jolt to the head or body, causing the brain to move rapidly within the skull. This sudden movement can lead to chemical changes and sometimes stretches or damages brain cells. Concussions are often called mild TBIs because they are typically not life-threatening. The injury primarily affects brain function, causing a temporary disturbance rather than immediate, obvious structural damage. Symptoms can emerge immediately or develop hours to days later, impacting physical, cognitive, sleep, and emotional functions.
What a CAT Scan Shows
A Computed Tomography (CT) scan, also known as a CAT scan, uses X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body. This technology provides a comprehensive view of bones, blood vessels, and soft tissues. Doctors use CT scans to identify structural abnormalities such as skull fractures, internal bleeding (hemorrhages), swelling in the brain, or tumors. It is a rapid diagnostic tool that can reveal the extent of damage to these structures.
Why CAT Scans Don’t Directly Show Concussions
CT scans are designed to detect structural changes in the brain, such as bleeding, fractures, or significant swelling. However, a concussion is primarily a functional injury, meaning it involves microscopic or cellular-level disturbances to brain function rather than large-scale structural damage. The changes caused by a concussion are often too subtle for a standard CT scan to visualize. Therefore, a person can have a concussion even if their CT scan appears completely normal.
When CAT Scans Are Used After a Head Injury
While CT scans do not directly diagnose concussions, they are an important tool for evaluating head injuries. Doctors use CT scans to rule out more serious and potentially life-threatening structural issues. These include skull fractures, significant bleeding within or around the brain (intracranial hemorrhage), or severe brain swelling that might require immediate medical or surgical intervention. The scan helps determine if a physical injury to the brain exists that could pose a severe risk to the patient.
How Concussions Are Diagnosed
Concussions are diagnosed through a comprehensive clinical evaluation rather than solely relying on imaging tests. This process involves a detailed assessment of the patient’s symptoms, which can include headaches, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and problems with memory or concentration. A medical professional will also conduct a neurological examination, checking reflexes, balance, coordination, and cognitive functions. Patient history, including details about the injury mechanism and reported symptoms, plays a significant role in making an accurate diagnosis.