Northern Cardinals readily consume safflower seeds, making them a popular alternative to sunflower for backyard bird feeding. Safflower is a high-energy food source well-suited to the cardinal’s dietary needs and strong beak structure. Bird enthusiasts often utilize safflower to attract these vibrant red birds while discouraging other, less desired visitors at their feeders.
Cardinal Preference for Safflower Seeds
Cardinals show a distinct preference for safflower seeds, which are nutritionally dense and align perfectly with their feeding mechanics. The seeds boast a high content of both fat and protein, typically offering around 15 to 18% protein. This provides an important energy source, especially during colder months or breeding season. Safflower seeds are slightly smaller than striped sunflower seeds and are encased in a relatively thick, hard white shell.
The cardinal’s powerful, cone-shaped beak is perfectly adapted to crack the tough outer shell. They use strong jaw muscles to apply pressure, quickly breaking the shell to access the palatable kernel inside. This efficient processing establishes safflower as a high-value food source, and the kernel’s nutty flavor contributes to the cardinal’s enjoyment.
Safflower Seeds as a Selective Feeding Tool
The most practical benefit of using safflower seeds is their effectiveness as a highly selective feeding tool. While cardinals readily eat them, many common feeder pests and nuisance birds find the seeds unappealing. Squirrels, for instance, typically dislike the bitter taste of the safflower hull and usually avoid feeders containing only this seed.
Larger, often aggressive birds like European Starlings, Common Grackles, and blackbirds are also generally deterred by safflower. These birds often prefer softer foods or seeds that are easier to crack, frequently bypassing safflower in favor of other options. This allows safflower to function as a strategic resource, reducing competition. The food supply is left primarily for the cardinals, as well as chickadees, titmice, and grosbeaks that also enjoy them.
Optimal Feeding Methods for Cardinals
To maximize the attraction of cardinals with safflower seeds, the presentation of the food is highly important. Cardinals are larger birds that do not comfortably perch on small, swaying tube feeders designed for smaller songbirds. Instead, they prefer to feed on a stable surface.
Using tray feeders, platform feeders, or large hopper feeders with wide perching areas is highly recommended. These feeder types allow the cardinal to land and feed easily without needing to contort its body.
When positioning the feeder, place it near dense shrubbery or trees. Cardinals are naturally cautious and prefer protective cover nearby for a quick escape. A height of about five to six feet off the ground is generally suitable, provided the area offers easy access and a clear line of sight to safety. Maintaining a fresh supply of safflower seed will further encourage regular visits.