Northern Cardinals are one of the most recognizable and frequent visitors to backyard feeders across North America, known for their vibrant color and distinctive song. As people observe these birds, a common question arises regarding their diet, specifically whether these seed-eaters will consume citrus fruit like oranges. Understanding a cardinal’s natural foraging habits helps determine the safety and appropriateness of offering this type of food. This guide addresses that specific query and provides practical advice for bird watchers.
The Direct Answer: Cardinal Consumption of Oranges
The diet of the Northern Cardinal is best described as omnivorous, though their primary food sources are seeds and grains, which can make up as much as 90% of their intake. Cardinals are classified as granivorous, meaning they rely heavily on seeds, but they readily supplement their diet with fruits and insects. While an orange is not a staple food, cardinals will occasionally consume citrus when it is offered.
These birds are attracted to the sweetness of oranges and other fruits, especially when other food sources become less available. During the winter months or during migration, an exposed orange can provide quick, high-energy carbohydrates beneficial when foraging is difficult. The consumption of fruits rich in carotenoids also helps the male cardinals maintain their striking red plumage. Oranges can be a safe, occasional treat, but they do not form a regular or necessary part of the cardinal’s nutritional needs.
Safely Offering Citrus at Feeders
If you decide to offer oranges, proper preparation and placement are necessary to ensure the birds’ safety and hygiene at the feeding station. The best method for serving citrus is to cut the orange in half or into thick slices, exposing the juicy pulp for easy access. This allows the birds to peck at the flesh without struggling against the thick rind.
You can place the fruit on a platform feeder, which cardinals generally prefer due to their size, or secure a half-slice onto a fruit spike feeder. Placing the fruit in a hanging feeder keeps it off the ground, which can deter pests and prevent contamination. Uneaten citrus should be monitored closely and removed within 24 to 48 hours to prevent the growth of mold or fermentation, which can be harmful to birds.
Staple Foods Preferred by Cardinals
Although oranges are an acceptable supplement, bird watchers should prioritize offering the foods that form the bulk of the cardinal’s natural diet. The most favored seed is the black oil sunflower seed, which is nutrient-dense and easy for their thick, powerful beaks to crack.
Safflower seeds are another excellent choice, as cardinals enjoy them while squirrels and other pest birds often avoid their bitter taste. Cracked corn and shelled peanuts also provide substantial energy and protein that these birds require, especially in colder weather.
During the breeding season, cardinals actively seek out insects to feed their young. The young require a protein-rich diet for growth. Providing a reliable source of these primary foods ensures cardinals receive the consistent nutrition they need.