Capybaras, the world’s largest rodents, are native to South America. Many wonder if these unique, semi-aquatic mammals can be found in Florida. This article clarifies their status in the Sunshine State.
Capybara Presence in Florida
Capybaras are present in Florida, though not native. These large rodents, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, have established small, localized populations. They possess a barrel-shaped body, short head, and reddish-brown fur, typically weighing over 100 pounds and reaching nearly four feet in length.
As semi-aquatic mammals, capybaras are well-adapted to life in and around water. Their webbed feet and high-set eyes, ears, and nostrils allow them to remain mostly submerged while seeing, hearing, and breathing. Capybaras are herbivores, primarily consuming grasses and aquatic plants. Florida’s numerous wetlands and waterways provide suitable environments.
Origin of Florida’s Capybaras
Capybaras were introduced to Florida primarily through the exotic pet trade. Their calm demeanor made them popular pets, but their size and specific care needs often led to escapes or intentional releases. These incidents established non-native populations.
One notable event occurred in the mid-1990s when five capybaras reportedly escaped from the Lubee Foundation, a research facility in north-central Florida. A hurricane damaged the enclosure, allowing these individuals to enter the local ecosystem. These animals then began to settle in the unfamiliar territory, finding suitable conditions for survival.
Current Status and Distribution
The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) classifies capybaras as a non-native species in the state. While they are present, their populations are not widespread across all of Florida. Instead, they are localized to specific regions, primarily in north-central Florida, with Alachua County near the Santa Fe River identified as a hotspot for sightings.
Estimates suggest a relatively small population, possibly around 50 individuals, living in these areas. Although most observations occur in the north-central part of the state, sightings have been reported as far south as Cape Coral and Collier County. The FWC currently lists them as an “observed species” rather than definitively “invasive,” meaning their ecological impact is still under study. To own a capybara in Florida, a Class III wildlife permit is required from the FWC.
If a capybara is encountered in the wild, residents should avoid approaching or interacting with the animal. While generally docile, they can exhibit aggression, especially if they are with their young. Sightings of capybaras in Florida can be reported to the FWC via their Exotic Species Hotline at 1-888-IveGot1 or through their website, IveGot1.org. Reporting these observations assists wildlife authorities in monitoring their distribution and understanding their potential effects on the local environment.