Bumble bees are familiar, fuzzy insects often seen buzzing among flowers. They play a significant role in ecosystems as pollinators. They contribute to the reproduction of numerous plants, including many crops and wildflowers, helping to maintain biodiversity and agricultural productivity.
The Simple Answer: Yes, But Who Stings?
Bumble bees can sting, but only female bumble bees, including queens and worker bees, have stingers. The stinger is a modified ovipositor, an organ originally used for laying eggs, which allows them to deliver venom when threatened.
Male bumble bees, known as drones, do not have stingers and cannot sting. Their biological role is primarily reproduction. Consequently, most interactions with bumble bees are harmless.
Why and How Bumble Bees Sting
Bumble bees are generally docile insects and typically sting only as a defensive action. They may sting if they feel threatened, are handled roughly, or if their nest is disturbed. Unlike some other stinging insects, bumble bees usually sting as a last resort.
A notable difference between bumble bees and honey bees lies in their stingers. Bumble bees have a smooth stinger, which allows them to withdraw it after stinging and sting multiple times without dying. Honey bees, conversely, have barbed stingers that become embedded in the skin, leading to the bee’s demise after a single sting. A bumble bee sting typically causes immediate, sharp pain, followed by localized swelling, redness, and itching. These symptoms generally subside within a few hours, though swelling or itching might last longer.
What to Do If Stung
If stung, immediate actions can help alleviate discomfort. First, move away from the area to prevent further stings. Clean the sting site with soap and water to prevent infection. Applying a cold compress or ice pack to the affected area can help reduce swelling and pain.
Over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen, can be taken for pain, and antihistamines or calamine lotion can ease itching. Monitor for signs of a severe allergic reaction, also known as anaphylaxis. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include difficulty breathing, widespread rash or hives, swelling of the face or throat, dizziness, or a rapid heartbeat. If any of these symptoms appear, seek immediate medical attention.