Buffalo do have fur. This protective covering is a defining characteristic of these large mammals, varying in appearance and function across different species.
The Characteristics of Buffalo Fur
The physical attributes of buffalo fur differ among species, reflecting their diverse habitats. American bison, often commonly referred to as buffalo, possess a shaggy, dense coat. This fur is typically a deep brown, though variations include red, blond, or even black. Their head, shoulders, and front legs have particularly long, shaggy hair, forming a mane and beard, while the rest of their body has shorter fur.
Cape buffalo, found in Africa, have a dark brown to black coat that is thinner and shorter than American bison fur. Young Cape buffalo often have dense reddish hair that darkens with age. Water buffalo, native to Asia, have sparse, coarse hair ranging from ash-gray to black. Their hair is directed forward from their haunches to their long, narrow heads, often with a tuft on their forehead.
The Purpose of Their Coat
Buffalo fur serves several functions, primarily providing insulation and protection. The thick, dense fur of American bison offers substantial protection against harsh weather. Their winter coat is so well-insulated that snow can accumulate on their backs without melting, demonstrating its effectiveness in retaining body heat. This fur also helps shield them from insects and ticks, especially the thicker hair on their front body.
The fur’s density also offers defense against abrasions and can buffer blows during male interactions. The dark coloration of American bison fur further aids in absorbing heat from the sun, beneficial during cold winter days. Cape buffalo have dark, shaggy coats providing protection in their savanna environments. Water buffalo, with sparse coats and fewer sweat glands, wallow in mud to cool themselves and protect against biting insects.
Seasonal Adaptations and Species Differences
Buffalo fur undergoes seasonal changes, particularly in temperate climates. American bison develop a thick winter coat in the fall, shedding it by late spring to reveal a lighter summer coat. This allows them to cool more efficiently during hotter periods. They often rub against trees and roll in dirt to facilitate molting.
Differences in fur characteristics are observed across buffalo species, shaped by their unique environments. The woolly coat of American bison adapts them for harsh North American winters. Water buffalo have sparse coats and wallow in water or mud to regulate body temperature and protect against insects in their warmer, wetland habitats. Cape buffalo, living in hot African savannas, have short, thin coats suitable for their climate.