Tennis elbow, medically known as lateral epicondylitis, is a common overuse injury causing discomfort in the elbow and forearm. Many individuals experiencing this condition explore non-invasive treatments, with braces often considered a helpful option. These devices offer a way to manage symptoms and support the healing process without requiring more intensive interventions.
The Nature of Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow involves the inflammation or degeneration of the tendons on the outside of the elbow. Specifically, it affects the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) tendon, which connects forearm muscles to the humerus bone on the outer side of the elbow. This condition frequently arises from repetitive motions of the wrist and arm, such as those involved in gripping or twisting actions. Despite its name, tennis elbow is not exclusive to athletes; many people develop it through other activities like painting, plumbing, or using hand tools.
Individuals with tennis elbow experience pain and tenderness on the outer part of their elbow, which can spread down into the forearm and wrist. Pain may feel sharp or burning and worsens with activities like lifting, gripping objects, or twisting the arm. A weakened grip is also a symptom.
How Braces Provide Support
Braces for tennis elbow work by redistributing forces away from the injured tendon, reducing strain and pain. Counterforce braces apply pressure to the forearm muscles just below the elbow. This pressure helps absorb and disperse forces that would otherwise directly impact the affected tendon insertion point. By altering the angle at which the tendon functions, these braces alleviate tension and promote healing.
Compression sleeves offer support, providing general compression and warmth to the entire elbow joint. This consistent pressure helps reduce swelling and improve blood circulation, aiding recovery. While compression sleeves may offer a feeling of support and pain distraction, counterforce braces are more specifically designed to target mechanical stress on the ECRB tendon.
Selecting the Appropriate Brace
Choosing the correct brace for tennis elbow involves understanding the different types and considering individual needs. Counterforce braces, also known as straps or armbands, are used for targeted relief. These feature a strap with a pad that applies pressure to the forearm muscles below the elbow, aiming to reduce tension on the extensor tendons. They are recommended for mild to moderate pain during activities.
Compression sleeves, which cover the entire elbow, offer broad support and warmth. They are suitable for general aching or for reducing swelling and can be worn for extended periods, including during sleep if circulation is not compromised. More restrictive elbow supports, sometimes called hinged braces, are available for severe cases, limiting range of motion to protect the joint. When selecting a brace, consider:
- Size
- Material (e.g., breathable fabrics over neoprene for long-term wear)
- Adjustability
- Overall comfort
Optimizing Brace Use
Proper placement and tightness are important for a tennis elbow brace to be effective. A counterforce brace should be positioned about one to three inches (2.5 to 8 cm) below the elbow joint, over the widest part of the forearm, not directly on the painful area. If the brace has a pad, it should be placed over the muscle belly, between the top and outside edge of the forearm. The brace should fit snugly enough to apply pressure but not so tightly that it causes tingling, numbness, or restricts circulation.
The duration of wear depends on the individual’s condition and activity level. Braces are worn during activities that aggravate the elbow, such as sports or work tasks involving repetitive arm movements. It can be beneficial to wear a brace at night for added support.
Regular cleaning of the brace according to manufacturer instructions helps maintain hygiene and effectiveness. A brace is one part of a comprehensive recovery plan, which may also include rest, ice, and physical therapy exercises. If pain persists or worsens, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable.