Turkeys are recognized for their diverse vocalizations, which serve various communication purposes. These birds use a complex array of sounds to interact with each other and their environment. Understanding their calls provides insight into their social behaviors and daily activities.
The Signature Gobble
The distinctive “gobble” sound is primarily associated with male turkeys, often called toms or gobblers. This loud, resonating call serves as a primary way for males to attract hens for mating during the breeding season, typically in the spring. Toms also use the gobble to assert dominance over other males and to announce their presence in a territory.
While the gobble is predominantly a male vocalization, female turkeys can also gobble, though it is a less common occurrence for them. Males may gobble year-round, not just during mating season, sometimes in response to loud noises like train whistles or thunder.
The gobble is a long-range call, audible from significant distances, sometimes over a mile. This allows toms to communicate their location to potential mates and rival males across wide areas. The intensity and frequency of gobbling can fluctuate based on factors such as breeding cycles and the presence of hens.
A Symphony of Turkey Sounds
Beyond the prominent gobble, turkeys employ a wide range of other vocalizations, used by both sexes for various communication needs. The “yelp” is a common sound, often a series of notes, made by hens to locate mates or by turkeys seeking to find each other. While hens yelp frequently, male turkeys can also produce yelps, which tend to be deeper and coarser.
The “cluck” is a short, sharp, single-note sound used for general communication and to gain attention. Turkeys use clucks to reassure other birds or to indicate their presence, particularly when feeding. A “purr” is a soft, rolling sound, often indicating contentment or used by feeding birds to maintain spatial awareness within a flock.
A “cutt” is an intense series of loud, erratic clucks, typically made by agitated or excited hens, often to attract attention or assert dominance. In contrast, the “putt” is a sharp, staccato note that serves as an alarm call, signaling potential danger to the flock.