Bobcats live in Illinois. Their presence across the state represents a notable success story in wildlife conservation. Once nearly extirpated, these native wild cats have made a significant comeback, establishing a stable and growing population throughout Illinois.
Bobcat Presence and Distribution in Illinois
Bobcats were nearly removed from Illinois by the mid-20th century due to habitat changes and unregulated hunting. They were protected as a threatened species from 1977 to 1999, aiding their recovery. Today, bobcats are found statewide, with higher concentrations in southern and western regions.
Their resurgence is attributed to habitat restoration efforts and legal protections. The bobcat population is estimated at 5,000 individuals. This increase led to a regulated bobcat hunting and trapping season starting in 2016. Research and monitoring continue, especially in southern and western Illinois, where extensive forests and river corridors provide suitable habitat.
Understanding Illinois Bobcats
Bobcats are the only native wild cat species in Illinois. They are named for their short, “bobbed” tail, which measures 4 to 6 inches in length and has a black tip. Roughly twice the size of a domestic cat, they stand 20-23 inches tall at the shoulder and measure 2¼-3½ feet long, including their tail. Adult males weigh 14-40 pounds, while females average 15 pounds.
Their fur varies from yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, often with black spots and streaks, providing camouflage. They have a ruff of fur from their ears to their lower jaw and often tufted ears. Bobcats are carnivores, primarily preying on small mammals like rabbits, mice, voles, and squirrels, but they also consume birds, frogs, insects, and even deer, particularly fawns or injured deer. They are crepuscular, most active at dawn and dusk, but can adjust activity based on prey and environmental factors. They prefer dense cover like wooded areas, brushy ravines, and river corridors for denning and hunting.
Living Alongside Bobcats
Bobcats are classified as furbearers under the Illinois Wildlife Code. A permit and valid hunting or trapping license are required to harvest a bobcat. The Illinois Department of Natural Resources regulates seasons to ensure population stability. While reclusive, encounters can occur where their habitat overlaps with human development.
If you encounter a bobcat, give it space and avoid approaching. Bobcats are not a threat to humans; their natural response is to flee. Making loud noises or distracting the animal encourages it to leave. To minimize conflicts, secure pets and manage outdoor food sources that might attract wildlife. Conservation efforts, including habitat preservation and monitoring, support the healthy bobcat population.