Bobcats, recognizable by their short, “bobbed” tails and tufted ears, are wild felines. While generally elusive, these animals can contract rabies. However, rabies is not common in bobcat populations, and they are not considered primary carriers for the virus.
Understanding Rabies in Bobcats
Rabies in bobcats is uncommon compared to primary carriers like raccoons, skunks, foxes, and bats. The virus spreads through the saliva of an infected animal, usually via a bite.
Bobcats usually contract the virus through interactions with these common carriers, acting as “spillover” hosts. This means they are less likely to transmit the virus widely among other bobcats. Therefore, instances of rabid bobcats often indicate rabies in other local wildlife.
Identifying a Rabid Bobcat
Identifying a rabid bobcat requires careful observation of its behavior and physical condition. Normally, bobcats are solitary and cautious animals that avoid human contact, often active during dawn and dusk. A bobcat exhibiting unusual tameness or a lack of fear of humans could be a sign of rabies.
Behavioral changes can include unprovoked aggression, disorientation, or erratic movements like staggering or walking in circles. Physical symptoms might involve excessive drooling or foaming at the mouth, difficulty swallowing, or paralysis. While these signs suggest rabies, definitive diagnosis requires laboratory testing of brain tissue.
Protecting Yourself and Pets
Preventing encounters with wild animals, including bobcats, is the best way to protect yourself and your pets. Never approach, feed, or handle any wild animal, especially one that appears sick or acts unusually. If you observe a bobcat exhibiting suspicious behavior, contact your local animal control or wildlife authorities immediately.
If a bite or scratch from a potentially rabid animal occurs, thoroughly wash the wound with soap and water for several minutes. Seek prompt medical attention, as post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) may be necessary to prevent the disease. PEP involves a series of rabies vaccinations and, for unvaccinated individuals, a dose of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG).
For pet protection, ensure all pets are current on their rabies vaccinations, as this provides a barrier against the disease. Supervise pets outdoors, particularly at dawn and dusk, to minimize interactions with wildlife. Securing trash cans and removing outdoor food sources can also deter bobcats and other wildlife from your property.